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Renewable Energy Workshop CDAE-106 Intro Gary Flomenhoft uvm/~gflomenh/CDAE106/

Renewable Energy Workshop CDAE-106 Intro Gary Flomenhoft http://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/CDAE106/. Peak Oil. CLIMATE CHANGE. WORLD ENERGY. Fossil Fuel: 75.9% Nuclear: 5.7% Renewable: 18.4%. Net Energy. DIRECT-GAIN. Large south facing windows that let in the sunlight.

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Renewable Energy Workshop CDAE-106 Intro Gary Flomenhoft uvm/~gflomenh/CDAE106/

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  1. Renewable Energy Workshop CDAE-106 Intro Gary Flomenhoft http://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/CDAE106/

  2. Peak Oil

  3. CLIMATE CHANGE

  4. WORLD ENERGY Fossil Fuel: 75.9% Nuclear: 5.7% Renewable: 18.4%

  5. Net Energy

  6. DIRECT-GAIN • Large south facing windows that let in the sunlight. • Thermal mass is used to absorb the radiation. • At night the absorbed heat is radiated back into the living space.

  7. CDAE 170 Solar Building Strategies PV system design Dec. 1, 2003 Gary Flomenhoft BSME, MAPP, CEE Research Associate Gund Institute, SNR

  8. Collectors-Flat Plate

  9. Collectors-Evacuated tube

  10. Installation

  11. Offgrid-24V Inverter-batteries-generator

  12. Photoelectric Effect A picture of an typical silicon PV cell Now a short video: http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/multimedia.html

  13. CZOCHRALSKI PROCESS • This is the process of creating an ingot. • A small single silicon rod (seed) is placed in an inert gas at high temps. • When the seed is rotated up and out silicon adheres to it to form an ingot.

  14. EVERGREEN-STRING RIBBON

  15. NONOSOLAR: paint-on

  16. CELLS -> MODULES • Wafers 5 inches square and .012 inches thick are sliced from the ingot. • They are then processed into cells and soldered together to achieve the desired voltage. • Cells arrayed in series are called modules.

  17. MANUFACTURERS • Sharp Electronics Corporation • Sanyo • bp Solar • Shell • Sunwise • Uni-Solar • AstroPower

  18. POLYCRYSTALLINE SOLAR PANELS “Energy of the Future”

  19. Thin Film History • Developed in 1980 • Applied to calculators, watches and other portable low-watt appliances • Expanded to larger appliances as efficiency rate increased

  20. Cost by Brand • Unisolar 21 watt= $153.00 • Shell 20 watt= $198.00 • Isofoton 165 watt= $650.00 -research shows that on average thin cell costs $5 per watt

  21. Solar Charge Controllers Alison Ray and Scott Hamshaw

  22. Solar Trackers Getting the most out of your PV panels

  23. What is an Inverter? • An inverter is an electrical circuit capable of turning DC power into AC power, while at the same time regulating the voltage, current, and frequency of the signal

  24. Batteries?

  25. Micro-Hydro site • 15 kw of power • Servicing 25 homes • $30,000

  26. Turbines: Reaction or Impulse

  27. Turbines: Reaction or Impulse

  28. Impulse-type Turbine • High-head use- • (Vertical drop > 10m) • High pressure (PSI)

  29. Harris DC Hydro systems

  30. Inside of Micro Turbine • 4 inch diameter impulse turbine • Creates 200 watts of power • Cost $1440

  31. Impulse Turbines Turgo: Medium head (>4ft) Pelton: High head (>10ft), low flow Crossflow: Low head, high flow

  32. Impulse machines-Stream engine -$1895 Stream engine top Stream engine bottom

  33. PF-175

  34. PF-175-$950 (plus shipping from India)

  35. 14KW Canyon Industries Pelton

  36. Reaction-type Turbine • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

  37. Reaction-type Turbine-Propellor • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

  38. REACTION TURBINES Kaplan or propellor Francis

  39. Reaction machine installation

  40. LH (Low head)-1000 reaction machine-$1895

  41. Reaction-type Turbine-Kaplan • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

  42. Wind Turbines

  43. Biomass: In Vermont VT Energy Consumption Sources • Nuclear 36% • System 14% • Hydro Quebec 35% • Oil 2% • Gas 1% • Other Renewable 5% • Small Hydro 7% Since 1984, Vermont has met all increase in energy demands(a total of 125 Mw) by renewable in-state sources: -40 Mw Small Hydro -73 Mw McNeil/Rygate (Biomass Plants) -6 Mw Searsburg Wind Farm EPA Landfill Incentive Program http://www.epa.gov/lmop/

  44. Kinds of Biomass-traditional • Trees- Wood has been used as a source of energy throughout human history and today the most commonly used form or biomass. Today there are still many people in third world countries using it to provide heat and energy. There are also ‘purpose grown’ tree farms which are specifically grown to produce wood for energy in larger developed countries.

  45. More traditional Biomass types • Straw is used similarly too wood, it is burned and used to make heat and energy • Animal Dung- Poop is often used as a source of heat and energy

  46. More non-traditional Biomass • Landfill gas- The gas emitted from landfills is very rich in methane, it is collected and used to generate power in small scale power plants.

  47. Gasohol • Ethanol Alcohol generated by fermenting sugar cane or corn is combined with gas and used to power cars…mmm…tasty gasohol.

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