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TNC – EPA Threats Workshop Taxonomy of Threats December 5-6, 2005

TNC – EPA Threats Workshop Taxonomy of Threats December 5-6, 2005. Outline – Common Threat Taxonomy. Need for a common taxonomy Ideal criteria for a common taxonomy History of TNC & CMP work on common threat taxonomy Current uses of the taxonomy Next steps.

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TNC – EPA Threats Workshop Taxonomy of Threats December 5-6, 2005

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  1. TNC – EPA Threats WorkshopTaxonomy of ThreatsDecember 5-6, 2005

  2. Outline – Common Threat Taxonomy • Need for a common taxonomy • Ideal criteria for a common taxonomy • History of TNC & CMP work on common threat taxonomy • Current uses of the taxonomy • Next steps

  3. Can We Develop Conventions to Describe Threats in Conservation? • Framework for defining threats • Taxonomy for naming threats • System for measuring the magnitude of threats • Procedure for combining threats • Method for spatial mapping of threats There are at least 5 conventions needed:

  4. Nomenclature and Measurements are the Foundation of Any Science

  5. Threat Conventions PaperDefining “Direct Threats” CAP

  6. Criteria for the IdealThreats Taxonomy • Hierarchical – Creates a logical way of grouping threats that are related to one another. • Comprehensive – Covers all possible threats (at least at higher levels of the hierarchy). • Consistent – All entries at a given level of the taxonomy are of the same type; the hierarchy does not “mix apples and oranges.” • Expandable – Is designed so as to enable new threats to be added to the taxonomy as they are discovered. • Exclusive – Any given threat can only be placed in one cell within the hierarchy. • Scalable – The same names can be used for threats at one site and across a continent.

  7. The Conservation Measures Partnership Core Members: Collaborating Members: Funding Support:

  8. History of TNC & CMP activity • Threats Working group (TNC+) - Start with ConBio published taxonomy - ProduceThreat Conventions paper • - Threat & Action taxonomies a CMP project - Extensive testing (>600 threats), peer review, and revision • - Adoption by TNC, CMP & others - CMP interactive threat taxonomy website (www.conservationmeasures.org) - Engagement with IUCN threat taxonomy - Guest editorial published in Oryx

  9. Habitat Conversion & Degradation Transportation Infrastructure Energy & Mining Biological Resource Harvesting Recreation & Work in Natural Habitats Pollution Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes Climate Change CMP Threat Taxonomy – 8 classes

  10. Habitat Conversion & Degradation Housing & Urban Development Commercial & Industrial Development Farms & Plantations Recreation Areas Military Activities Natural System Modifications Altered Fire Regime Altered Hydrologic Transportation Infrastructure Roads Railroads Utility Lines Shipping Lanes Flight Paths Energy & Mining Oil & Gas Drilling Mining Renewable Energy Biological Resource Harvesting Hunting, Trapping & Fishing Gathering Logging Grazing & Ranching Recreation & Work in Natural Habitats Motor-Powered Recreation & Work Human-Powered Recreation & Work Scientific Research Pollution Chemicals & Toxins Nutrient Loads Solid Waste Waste & Residual Materials Greenhouse Gasses Radioactive Materials Salt Sonic Pollution Thermal Pollution Light Pollution Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes Invasive Species Problematic Native Species Introduced Genetic Material Species Hybridization Climate Change Habitat Shifting & Alteration Climate Variability CMP Threat Taxonomy- 8 classes & 39 Categories

  11. TNC use of the CMP threat taxonomy • Integrated into standard desktop tool for project-level conservation planning • Integrated into web-based database of all TNC conservation projects (now with 2700 threat entries) • Integrated into “The Tool” being used for global Major Habitat Type analysis • Integrated into the Toolbox for Ecoregional Assessments & Measures

  12. Project Specific threats + Standardized Threats

  13. Project Specific threats + Standardized Threats

  14. http://cpi.tnc.org/

  15. Invasive Species (Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes) Housing & Urban Development (Habitat Conversion & Degradation) Altered Fire Regime (Habitat Conversion & Degradation) Farms & Plantations (Habitat Conversion & Degradation) Natural System Modifications (Habitat Conversion & Degradation) Roads (Transportation Infrastructure) Altered Hydrologic Regime (Habitat Conversion & Degradation) Logging (Biological Resource Harvesting) Grazing & Ranching (Biological Resource Harvesting) Motor-Powered Recreation (Recreation & Research) Top 10 threats from TNC’s Conservation Project Inventory website(628 projects total – 2700 threat assignments)

  16. Other uses of CMP threat taxonomy • Interactive CMP website with full-online access and comment feature • World Wildlife Fund and Wildlife Conservation Society building into their conservation information systems • > 25% of U.S. States adopted the CMP threat taxonomy for their State Wildlife Grants • 2 new systems – eAdaptive Management & StratISS using CMP taxonomy

  17. Other uses of CMP Threat taxonomy Amsterdam July, 2005: • Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)* adopts CMP standard taxonomies of threats and strategies/actions to incorporate in the biodiversity reporting framework of 600 corporations… * www.globalreporting.org

  18. IUCN – Red List Database Species Information Service Data Entry Module (SIS DEM) training workshop

  19. Major Threats • Only select the threats that trigger the Red List status and whether they are acting in the past, present or future. • For an ongoing threat, click in all three boxes, i.e. past, present and future • There are four levels in the hierarchy • Click on a lower level, the upper levels automatically update Species Information Service Data Entry Module (SIS DEM) training workshop

  20. 0. No Threats 1. Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced) 1.1. Agriculture 1.1.1. Crops 1.1.2. Wood plantations 1.1.3. Non-timber plantations 1.1.4. Livestock 1.1.5. Abandonment 1.1.6. Marine aquaculture 1.1.7. Freshwater aquaculture 1.1.8. Other 1.1.9. Unknown 1.2. Land management of non-agricultural areas 1.2.1. Abandonment 1.2.2. Change of management regime 1.2.3. Other 1.2.4. Unknown 1.3. Extraction 1.3.1. Mining 1.3.2. Fisheries 1.3.3. Wood 1.3.4. Non-woody vegetation collection 1.3.5. Coral removal 1.3.6. Groundwater extraction 1.3.7. Other 1.3.8. Unknown 1.4. Infrastructure development 1.4.1. Industry 1.4.2. Human settlement 1.4.3. Tourism/recreation 1.4.4. Transport - land/air 1.4.5. Transport – water 1.4.6. Dams 1.4.7. Telecommunications 1.4.8. Power lines 1.4.9. Other 1.4.10. Unknown 1.5. Invasive alien species (directly impacting habitat) 1.6. Change in native species dynamics (directly impacting habitat) 1.7. Fires 1.8. Other causes 1.9. Unknown causes 2. Invasive alien species (directly affecting the species) 2.1. Competitors 2.2. Predators 2.3. Hybridizers 2.4. Pathogens/parasites 2.5. Other 2.6. Unknown 3. Harvesting [hunting/gathering] 3.1. Food 3.1.1. Subsistence use/local trade 3.1.2. Sub-national/national trade 3.1.3. Regional/international trade 3.2. Medicine 3.2.1. Subsistence use/local trade 3.2.2. Sub-national/national trade 3.2.3. Regional/international trade 3.3. Fuel 3.3.1. Subsistence use/local trade 3.3.2. Sub-national/national trade 3.3.3. Regional/international trade 3.4. Materials 3.4.1. Subsistence use/local trade 3.4.2. Sub-national/national trade 3.4.3. Regional/international trade 3.5. Cultural/scientific/leisure activities 3.5.1. Subsistence use/local trade 3.5.2. Sub-national/national trade 3.5.3. Regional/international trade 3.6. Other 3.7. Unknown 4. Accidental mortality 4.1. Bycatch 4.1.1. Fisheries-related 4.1.2. Terrestrial 4.1.3. Other 4.1.4. Unknown 4.2. Collision 4.2.1. Pylon and building collision 4.2.2. Vehicle collision 4.2.3. Other 4.2.4. Unknown 4.3. Other 4.4. Unknown IUCN Threats Authority Total categories (3rd level) = 136 (4th level categories not shown)

  21. 5. Persecution 5.1. Pest control 5.2. Other 5.3. Unknown 6. Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) 6.1. Atmospheric pollution 6.1.1. Global warming/oceanic warming 6.1.2. Acid precipitation 6.1.3. Ozone hole effects 6.1.4. Smog 6.1.5. Other 6.1.6. Unknown 6.2. Land pollution 6.2.1. Agricultural 6.2.2. Domestic 6.2.3. Commercial/Industrial 6.2.4. Other non-agricultural 6.2.5. Light pollution 6.2.6. Other 6.2.7. Unknown 6.3. Water pollution 6.3.1. Agricultural 6.3.2. Domestic 6.3.3. Commercial/Industrial 6.3.4. Other non-agricultural 6.3.5. Thermal pollution 6.3.6. Oil slicks 6.3.7. Sediment 6.3.8. Sewage 6.3.9. Solid waste 6.3.10. Noise pollution 6.3.11. Other 6.3.12. Unknown 7. Natural disasters 7.1. Drought 7.2. Storms/flooding 7.3. Temperature extremes 7.4. Wildfire 7.5. Volcanoes 7.6. Avalanches/landslides 7.7. Other 7.8. Unknown 8. Changes in native species dynamics 8.1. Competitors 8.2. Predators 8.3. Prey/food base 8.4. Hybridizers 8.5. Pathogens/parasites 8.6. Mutualisms 8.7. Other 8.8. Unknown 9. Intrinsic Factors 9.1. Limited dispersal 9.2. Poor recruitment/reproduction/regeneration 9.3. High juvenile mortality 9.4. Inbreeding 9.5. Low densities 9.6. Skewed sex ratios 9.7. Slow growth rates 9.8. Population fluctuations 9.9. Restricted range 9.10. Other 9.11. Unknown 10. Human disturbance 10.1. Recreation/tourism 10.2. Research 10.3. War/civil unrest 10.4. Transport 10.5. Fire 10.6. Other 10.7. Unknown 11. Other 12. Unknown IUCN Threats Authority - continued Total categories (3rd level) = 136 (4th level categories not shown)

  22. 1st level Categories IUCN = 13 CMP = 8 habitat degradation 0. No Threats 1. Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced) 2. Invasive alien species (directly affecting the species) 3. Harvesting [hunting/gathering] 4. Accidental mortality 5. Persecution 6. Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) 7. Natural disasters 8. Changes in native species dynamics 9. Intrinsic Factors 10. Human disturbance 11. Other 12. Unknown 1. Habitat Conversion & Degradation 2. Transportation Infrastructure 3. Energy & Mining 4. Biological Resource Harvesting 5. Recreation & Work in Natural Habitats 6. Pollution 7. Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes 8. Climate Change harvesting invasive species pollution ? Dashed lines indicate weaker relationships Some categories don’t correspond at all

  23. 1. Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced) 1.1. Agriculture 1.2. Land management of non-agricultural areas 1.3. Extraction 1.4. Infrastructure development 1.5. Invasive alien species (directly impacting habitat) 1.6. Change in native species dynamics (directly impacting habitat) 1.7. Fires 1.8. Other causes 1.9. Unknown causes 2. Invasive alien species (directly affecting the species) 2.1. Competitors 2.2. Predators 2.3. Hybridizers 2.4. Pathogens/parasites 2.5. Other 2.6. Unknown 3. Harvesting [hunting/gathering] 3.1. Food 3.2. Medicine 3.3. Fuel 3.4. Materials 3.5. Cultural/scientific/leisure activities 3.6. Other 3.7. Unknown 4. Accidental mortality 4.1. Bycatch 4.2. Collision 4.3. Other 4.4. Unknown 5. Persecution 5.1. Pest control 5.2. Other 5.3. Unknown 6. Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) 6.1. Atmospheric pollution 6.2. Land pollution 6.3. Water pollution 7. Natural disasters 7.1. Drought 7.2. Storms/flooding 7.3. Temperature extremes 7.4. Wildfire 7.5. Volcanoes 7.6. Avalanches/landslides 7.7. Other 7.8. Unknown 8. Changes in native species dynamics 8.1. Competitors 8.2. Predators 8.3. Prey/food base 8.4. Hybridizers 8.5. Pathogens/parasites 8.6. Mutualisms 8.7. Other 8.8. Unknown agriculture • Habitat Conversion & Degradation • Housing & Urban Development • Commercial & Industrial Development • Farms & Plantations • Recreation Areas • Military Activities • Natural System Modifications • Altered Fire Regime • Altered Hydrologic • Transportation Infrastructure • Roads • Railroads • Utility Lines • Shipping Lanes • Flight Paths • Energy & Mining • Oil & Gas Drilling • Mining • Renewable Energy • Biological Resource Harvesting • Hunting, Trapping & Fishing • Gathering • Logging • Grazing & Ranching • Recreation & Work in Natural Habitats • Motor-Powered Recreation & Work • Human-Powered Recreation & Work • Scientific Research • Pollution • Chemicals & Toxins • Nutrient Loads • Solid Waste • Waste & Residual Materials • Greenhouse Gasses • Radioactive Materials • Salt • Sonic Pollution • Thermal Pollution • Light Pollution • Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes • Invasive Species • Problematic Native Species • Introduced Genetic Material • Species Hybridization • Climate Change • Habitat Shifting & Alteration • Climate Variability management infrastructure fire extraction invasives IUCN problematic natives non-biological CMP biological hybridizers pollution climate change

  24. Habitat Conversion & Degradation • Housing & Urban Development • Commercial & Industrial Development • Farms & Plantations • Recreation Areas • Military Activities • Natural System Modifications • Altered Fire Regime • Altered Hydrologic • Transportation Infrastructure • Roads • Railroads • Utility Lines • Shipping Lanes • Flight Paths • Energy & Mining • Oil & Gas Drilling • Mining • Renewable Energy • Biological Resource Harvesting • Hunting, Trapping & Fishing • Gathering • Logging • Grazing & Ranching • Recreation & Work in Natural Habitats • Motor-Powered Recreation & Work • Human-Powered Recreation & Work • Scientific Research • Pollution • Chemicals & Toxins • Nutrient Loads • Solid Waste • Waste & Residual Materials • Greenhouse Gasses • Radioactive Materials • Salt • Sonic Pollution • Thermal Pollution • Light Pollution • Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes • Invasive Species • Problematic Native Species • Introduced Genetic Material • Species Hybridization • Climate Change • Habitat Shifting & Alteration • Climate Variability transport (2) 9. Intrinsic Factors 9.1. Limited dispersal 9.2. Poor recruitment/reproduction/regeneration 9.3. High juvenile mortality 9.4. Inbreeding 9.5. Low densities 9.6. Skewed sex ratios 9.7. Slow growth rates 9.8. Population fluctuations 9.9. Restricted range 9.10. Other 9.11. Unknown 10. Human disturbance 10.1. Recreation/tourism 10.2. Research 10.3. War/civil unrest 10.4. Transport 10.5. Fire 10.6. Other 10.7. Unknown 11. Other 12. Unknown IUCN recreation CMP military ? research fire (2)

  25. Draft CMP + IUCN – 1 of 2(3rd level not shown) • I. DIRECT THREATS • 1. Agricultural Practices • a. Annual Crops • b. Plantations • c. Livestock • 2. Infrastructure Development • a. Housing & Urban Development • b. Commercial & Industrial Development • c. Recreation Areas • 3. Natural System Modifications • a. Altered Fire Regime • b. Altered Hydrologic Regime • c. Other System Modifications • d. Military Activities • 4. Transportation Infrastructure • a. Roads • b. Railroads • c. Utility Lines • d. Shipping Lanes • e. Flight Paths • 5. Energy & Mining • a. Oil & Gas Drilling • b. Mining • c. Renewable Energy • 6. Biological Resource Harvesting • a. Hunting, Trapping & Fishing • b. Gathering • c. Grazing & Ranching • 7. Human Presence in Natural • Habitats • a. Recreation & Work • b. War & Civil Unrest • c. Scientific Research

  26. Draft CMP + IUCN – 2 of 2(3rd level not shown) • II. STRESSES / THREATS • 10. Natural Disasters • 11. Climate Change • a. Habitat Shifting & Alteration • b. Climate variability • 12. Intrinsic Factors • 8. Pollution • a. Chemicals & Toxins • b. Nutrient Loads • c. Solid Waste • d. Waste & Residual Materials • e. Greenhouse Gases • f. Radioactive Materials • g. Salt • h. Sonic Pollution • i. Thermal Pollution • j. Light Pollution • 9. Invasive & Other Problematic Species • & Genes • a. Invasive Species • b. Problematic Native Species • c. Introduced Genetic Material • d. Species Hybridization

  27. Next Steps • Major IUCN taxonomy meeting November 28 - December 2, 2005 • Additional collaboration CMP + IUCN • Additional peer review (EPA & others) • Finalize revised global common taxonomy by May 2006 • Crosswalk existing CMP & IUCN records to revised global common taxonomy • Publish taxonomy in scientific journal

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