Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

1. TheCivil War(1861-1865)ThroughMaps, Charts,Graphs &Pictures Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. North vs. South in 1861

3. Rating the North & the South

4. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

5. Railroad Lines, 1860

6. Resources: North & the South

7. The Union & Confederacy in 1861

8. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

9. Ohio Military Service

10. Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

11. Immigrantsas a %of a State’sPopulationin1860

12. The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

13. The Confederate “White House”

14. The Confederate Seal MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

15. A Northern View of Jeff Davis

16. Overviewofthe North’sCivil WarStrategy: “Anaconda”Plan

17. The “Anaconda” Plan

18. Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Irwin McDowell George McClellan George Meade Ambrose Burnside George McClellan,Again!

19. McClellan: I Can Do It All!

20. The Confederate Generals “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee

21. I. President of the Disunited States of America On March 4, 1861 Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated president, -- stated there would be no conflict unless the South provoked it A split US brought up questions on Sharing the national debt Allocation of federal resources Monroe Doctrine

22. II. SC Assails Fort Sumter Most of the forts in the South had relinquished their power to the South save Fort Sumter Situation FS is being besieged by confederate troops – supplies were running out Lincoln sends supplies by ship – tells the SC governor that only supplies are in the ship In the eyes of the South – supplies are reinforcements April 12, 1861 cannons fired on FS – 34 hrs of non-lethal firing – ordered by PGT Beauregard & Jefferson Davis The fort surrendered under Major ANDERSON

23. Lincoln now called for 75,000 troops On April 19/27 – Lincoln also called for a Blockade of southern ports The South feeling that Lincoln was waging an aggressive war – was joined by 4 border states TN, VA, AK, NC Capital of CSA moved from Montgomery to Richmond

24. Question of Robert E. Lee Opposed Secession Believed slavery to be evil Could not fight against his birthplace of Virginia He resigned from the Union as well as 313 officers South had a Strong Military Tradition – 7/8 military colleges located in the south

25. North had a strong Naval Tradition • 3/4ths of naval officers from the north • Crews of ships were from the North • Most of the Navy’s ships were from the North • All but 1 shipyard under Union Control

26. SOUTH • Advantages • Many experienced officers • Defending Homeland • Could produce own food • Disadvantages • 9 million population – 1/3 enslaved • More men had to fight – less working to support war effort • South had 1 factory for arms (Tradegar Iron Works) • Problems distributing goods – ½ as much rail systems – 1 line east to west

27. South Continued • South had little financial reserves – became worse over time • Planters in debt • Banks had little cash reserve • Best chance at revenue (Tariff) – Union blockaded southern ports • South resorted to paper $ -- Inflation • By the end of the Civil War south had an inflation rate of 9,000% as compared to the North’s 80%

28. NORTH • 22 million population • 80% of nation’s factories were in the north • Produced 90% of country’s clothing, tolls, boats, and shoes • 93% of pig iron • Dupont factories – Delaware – gunpowder • Controlled the National Treasury • Revenue from Tariffs • Banks had large reserves of cash – loaned to government by selling of bonds • Legal Tender Act – national currency= paper $

29. Politics of the North • Lincoln’s Goal was to PRESERVE THE UNION (not an ABOLITIONIST) • DEMOCRATS were SPLIT • War Democrats • Peace Democrats (copperheads) • Conscription • Habeas corpus (suspended in border states)

30. WEAK SOUTHERN GOVERNMENT • The CSA established a constitution that emphasized a (confederation) form of government – this interfered with Davis’ ability to conduct war • The states complained about conscription, suspension of habeas corpus and taxes, -- many states refused to follow federal policies – practicing NULLIFICATION

31. Diplomatic Challenge • Outbreak of civil war put the major governments of Europe in a difficult situation • North – US did not want Europe to recognize the CSA – did not want Europe to interfere in the war • South wanted the exact opposite – placed pressure on Europe by voluntarily not selling cotton on these markets – cost them $ • May 1861 – British and French will meet with CSA

32. 1st MODERN WAR • Tactics • Organize troops into tight lines/ columns go on the offensive • March towards enemy – firing in mass volleys • Get close enough to charge – hand to hand combat • Conoidal bullets • Trenches/ barricades • War of Attrition – wearing down of 1 side through exhaustion of soldiers and resources

33. Early Stages of War

34. Mobilization of Troops • 1st months of war – Lincoln was under great pressure to strike against the South • General PGT Bouregard (CSA) gathering troops 25 miles south of Washington DC – near Manassas Junction – • Lincoln hoped for a quick end to conflict

35. 1st Battle of Bull Run • 1st Stage – success for Union – push confederates back past the stream – Bull Run ( Stone Wall Jackson) • 2nd stage – success for the South – Confederate reinforcements arrive – Union falls back – retreats • Lesson – made it clear to the north that they would need a large well trained army and the war would not be short

36. Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas)July, 1861

37. Attitude concerning War • Lincoln calls for 500,000 troops – needed men for 3 years • Attitude – • CSA – Conscription • Union – Bounty • Militia Act

38. Naval War • April 1861 Lincoln proclaims a blockade on all Southern Ports – by 1862 all ports sealed save Wilmington & Charleston • As time went on – blockade successful • South used Blockade Runners – helped in shipping goods --- (manufactured products) • Shipped much less than before war

39. Britain Interferes • Sell two warships to the south – Alabama Claims and the Florida – together --- they sink 102 Union ships --- • Farragut Captures New Orleans --- he is placed in charge of 42 warships, and 15,000 foot soldiers under command of Benjamin Butler • 60 years old an Veteran of 1812 & Mexican Wars

40. Stages of Battle on the Miss. River Early April Farragut – bombards forts – his attacks failed April 24th – sailed down MR in Single File Line Arrived in New Orleans April 25th Six Days Later Conquered New Orleans ** MR under Union Control & Divided CSA

41. War in the West • Under the Command of General Ulysses S. Grant • Ordered to take control of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers and split the east/ west rail lines at Corinth --- • Seized Forts Henry & Fort Donaldson • Split lines at Corinth • *** April 6th 1862 --- Shiloh – Surprise attack by Confederates on Union troops – High Casualties – 20,000 – Grant – desk job

42. Murfreesboro • Braxton Bragg – led Confederate troops into KTY – wanted t stage a proconfederate uprising – not successful • Defeated at Perryville by Don Carlos Buell – cut rail lines – slow movement into Tennessee – to chase Confederates – Buell replaced – with William Rosecrans – heads south into Tennessee – Bragg attacks the Union at Murfeesboro – 4 day battle -- stalemate

43. War in West going Well for Union • Defeated South at New Orleans • Captured Rivers • Captured Corinth, Perryville, Murfreesboro, Shiloh • Blockade of the ports going well

44. Civil War Continued

45. War in the East: 1861-1862

46. George B. McClellan • Appointed to lead the army of the Potomac – or the Union army in Virginia • McClellan and the slows– he drilled his men for half a year before he went to battle • “Seven Days Battle” – a series of battles where the Union forces try to capture Richmond. (June 25 – July 1 1862) victory for the Confederates!

47. Second Battle of Bull Run – another resounding victory for the ConfederateS & now Lee decided to enter into enemy soil • McClellan has a tremendous stroke of luck – found Lee’s army orders wrapped around a bunch of cigars • ANTIETAM – Bloodiest single day in American history – Casualties totaled more than 26,000 – happened September 17, 1862 in Maryland – Stalemate – Union victory because CSA - retreats

48. Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties

49. Emancipation Proclamation – because of the Union victory at Antietam – Lincoln presents to the public his Emancipation Proclamation (Military Tactic) • States – slaves are free in all states that are in rebellion against the USA(Union) • What about border states?

50. Emancipation in 1863