Ambient Intelligent Healthcare Environments

1. Ambient Intelligent Healthcare Environments Heather McDonald Supervisors: Prof. Chris Nugent, Dr. George Moore and Dr. Dewar Finlay

2. Problem Area As the population continues to grow the percentage of elderly is also increasing.

3. Smart Home Environments Dataset 1 – C.D. Nugent, M.D. Mulvenna, X. Hong, S. Devlin,“Experiences in the Development of a Smart Lab,” in International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Vol.2, Number 4, 2009, p.p. 319-331. Dataset 2 – T.V. Kasteren, A. Noulas, G. Englebienne, B. Krose, “Accurate Activity Recognition in Home Setting,” in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 344, 2008, p.p. 1-9.

4. Heterogeneous Data Data generated from a number of sensor based sources and services will subsequently be stored in various formats. Example data sources: http://staff.science.uva.nl/~tlmkaste/ http://web.media.mit.edu/~intille/data/PLCouple1/sensordata/ http://ailab.eecs.wsu.edu/casas/datasets.html Main Issue: Interoperability becomes a problem when data is being exchanged or re-used by a number of services.

5. Health Level 7 HL7 [1] aims to create standards for the exchange, integration and management of electronic healthcare information using XML to enable the interoperability of healthcare documents. The use of standards unlocks the considerable content stored within clinical notes, enabling the pooling of content from numerous documents generated using various systems. [1] “Health Level Seven,” Oct. 10, 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.hl7.org.uk/

6. Innovative Format • A preset specification for the organisation and storage of data. • Conforming to a specified format can improve interoperability and make data easier to: • Exchange • Store • Compare Building upon a proposed concept HomeML [2],to solve the challenges caused by Heterogeneous Data. [2] C.D. Nugent, D.D. Finlay, R.J. Davies, H.Y. Wang, H. Zheng, J. Hallberg, K.Synnes, and M.D. Mulvenna, "homeML - An Open Standard for the Exchange of Data Within Smart Environments," in Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4541, LNCS 4541, Fifth International Conference on Smart homes and health Telematics, 2007, p.p. 121-129.

7. Aim of Research To develop an innovative format to support the storage and exchange of sensory data collected from numerous heterogeneous sources within smart environments. The research will then continue to establish a means by which the data can be used to create dynamic profiles for patients within healthcare environments.

8. Centralised Data Repository A data warehouse capable of storing large amounts of data from multiple sources. Centralised Data Repository DATA DATA Patients within Smart Home Environments DATA

9. Portable In-Home Data Collection [3] Research area being investigated by Stephen Intille. Problem Area: Work related to context-awareness is being limited to the lack of large datasets available to researchers to test their developments and discoveries. Proposal: A community resource containing six datasets consisting of high-quality, synchronised data streams. Benefit: Researchers can focus on development and testing without being stalled by the need for data collection. [3] S.Intille, "Making Home Activity Datasets a Shared Resource," 2009. [Online]. Available: http://boxlab.wikispaces.com/Mission

10. eXtensible Mark-Up Language (XML) A rule based language designed to transport and store data. Benefits: XML is platform, vendor and application independent. XML offers an easy to follow hierarchical data structure. Considered to be easy to read and understandable by both users and computers. Supports the creation of a web based central repository.

11. Profiling Involves creating a unique description of an individuals characteristics and behaviour within an environment through the extraction of data from datasets and the use of computerised pattern recognition [4] [5]. [4] J.Hallberg, M.B. Norberg, J.Krisitiansson, K.Synnes, C.Nugent, "Creating Dynamic Groups using Context-awareness," in Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia. Vol.284, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia, 2007, p.p. 42-49.

12. The Bridge between a Central Repository and Profiling PROFILE RESEARCH DOMAIN ENVIRONMENTS User Services Research Tools Home User Interface Research Interface Central Repository FORMAT DATA Work Research Tools Rule Definition Supervised Learning Create Profile Monitor User Services Alarms Reminders Virtual Actuators

13. Research Objectives Produce Literature Review covering: Aging in Place Data Formatting, Re-Engineering and Analysis XML Technology Profiling Identify and investigate similar work being performed within this domain. Identify and work with data sets to establish data format requirements. Gain understanding of XML and develop a working prototype.

14. Work to Date To date the following progress has been made: Approximately 50 journals and conference papers, along with online material have been read and summarised. Investigation into re-engineering and analysis has been conducted. XML the formatting language to be utilized has been identified and investigated. Potential journals and conferences have been identified.

15. Summary During this presentation I have discussed the: Problem Area Lack of a common data format for the storage and exchange of sensory data generated within a smart home environment. Potential Solution The creation of an innovative format for the storage and exchange of sensory data collected from multiple sources within smart environments. A means by which this data can be used to create dynamic profiles for patients within smart home environments.

16. Image Sources BBC News, The Squeeze on Patients, Available: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8294251.stm IT and Integration, Available: http://www.iti.as/publ_images/Image/FullSmartHouse.jpg Health Level 7, Available: http://www.hl7.org/

17. GANTT Chart Topics to Review Gather format requirements and create a prototype Attend weekly meeting/seminars and regular training

18. Questions?