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Tracing the CARBON intensity of active power flows in distribution networks

Tracing the CARBON intensity of active power flows in distribution networks. Euan Davidson Smarter Grid Solutions. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-21966678. ~11% of kWh met by renewables (UK). Equivalent of 39% of kWh met by renewables (Scotland).

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Tracing the CARBON intensity of active power flows in distribution networks

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  1. Tracing the CARBON intensity of active power flows in distribution networks Euan Davidson Smarter Grid Solutions

  2. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-21966678

  3. ~11% of kWh met by renewables (UK) Equivalent of 39% of kWh met by renewables (Scotland) Equivalent 5% of kWh met by renewables (South West)

  4. CarbonIntensity of Electricity • DEFRA in the UK sets figures for the carbon emissions associated with energy produced by different types of generation • Carbon intensity – kgCO2/kWh

  5. CarbonIntensity of Electricity

  6. UK Macro CarbonIntensity Derived from BM Reports data with kind permission of Elexon

  7. Zonal CarbonIntensity Derived from BM Reports data with kind permission of Elexon

  8. Local CarbonIntensity • What is the effect of DG and Demand at a local level? • What is the effect of the infrastructure and network flows? • Where does my electricity come from? • How green is it?

  9. Proportional Sharing Principle 30MW 20MW Infeed 2 Infeed 1 40% from Infeed 1 60% from Infeed 2 40% from Infeed 1 60% from Infeed 2 30MW 20MW

  10. Power Flow Tracing

  11. CarbonTracing

  12. Tracing: NumericalMethod • Bialek’s method [Bialek 96]exploits linear algebra: - vectors of nodal flows - vectors of branch flows - upstream and downstream distribution factors - vector of injections from generation - vector of loads The directed graph is described using: - incidence matrix - incidence matrix with 1 removed - incidence matrix with -1 removed

  13. Tracing: NumericalMethod The proportion of nodal flows can be equated to load or generation: and can be formed from , , and By inverting and we can get distribution factors in terms of loads/generators:

  14. CarbonTracing: Algorithm Run Load Flow/Estimate State Build Directed-graph of Network Flows Generate Incidence matrix from Graph Split Incidence matrix Solve Allocate Emissions to flows/loads/Losses

  15. Carbon-intensity of Power Flow 300MW 200MW 78MW 114MW 222MW 164MW 62MW 103MW 400MW Normalised carbon-intensity [g/kWh] Total amount of carbon [kg/h]

  16. Carbon-intensity of Losses MW losses [MW/h] Total amount of carbon [kg/h]

  17. CarbonTracing: 11kV Network

  18. CarbonTracing: 11kV Network

  19. Understand the effect of generation and demand on carbon-intensity in the South West • A tool for Public Engagement? • See our video: http://www.smartergridsolutions.com

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