1 / 113

Human Immunology and Application in Medicine 人體免疫與藥物應用

Human Immunology and Application in Medicine 人體免疫與藥物應用. Immunology Self-defense Pathogens: Bacteria Virus Parasites. (1) The Mechanism for How to Defense (2) How to Strengthen Immune System. Edward Jenner and Cowpox Vaccine Edward Jenner,M.D.(British)

zahavah
Download Presentation

Human Immunology and Application in Medicine 人體免疫與藥物應用

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Human Immunology and Application in Medicine 人體免疫與藥物應用

  2. Immunology Self-defense Pathogens: Bacteria Virus Parasites

  3. (1)The Mechanism for How to Defense (2)How to Strengthen Immune System

  4. Edward Jenner and Cowpox Vaccine Edward Jenner,M.D.(British) 1789將取自擠奶女工痘痂之牛痘病毒(Cowpox Virus)，給一位八歲男孩子接種，使他得到抵抗天花病毒(Smallpox Virus)感染之免疫力 —Active Immunisation.

  5. 1900 Germany Chemist Paul Ehrlich and Ab Phytotoxin免疫老鼠後得到之血清 (Antitoxin)具有中和植物毒素的作用 ---Antibody Side Chain Theory 1908 Nobel Prize

  6. Elie Metchnikoff and Phagocytes 1885 Biologist(Russia) Elie metchnikoff發現以玫瑰刺進Invetebrates體內其周圍會出現Macrophagocytes後來在哺乳動物發現也有此類Cell 1908 shared Nobel Prize with Paul Ehrlich

  7. Basic Components of the Immune System

  8. Medicine, Drug Chemical Molecule Drug + Receptor-------- Drug-Receptor Complex------ Pharmacologic Response

  9. Adverse Reaction Side Effect

  10. Routes of Drug Administration 1. Oral Administration 2. Sublingual 3. Rectal 4. Intravenous 5. Intramuscular 6. Subcutaneous 7. Inhalation

  11. Classification 1. Chemical Classification 2. Pharmacological Classification Licenc(s)e System

  12. 1. Viagra (Sildenafil) 2. Amphetamine (1) Caffeine (2) Morphine (3) Heroine (4) Codeine

  13. Adverse Drug Reaction (Side Effect) Aspirin-----Acidic

  14. Natural products Purity Standardization

  15. 1.Garlic Garlic is a bulb.It may be used As dried, powdered,and compressed into a tablet. Key Component—Alliin

  16. Sulfur Content Alliin--------Allicin(odor) Cholesterol-Lowering Effect

  17. 2.Chamomile Bisabolol Anti-Inflammatory Effect Anti-Allergenic Activity

  18. 3.Cranberry Citric,Malic,Benzoic and Qunic Acids Cranberry Juice has been used as a UrinaryTract Disinfectant.

  19. Cranberry makes urine become more acidic. Inhibition of bacterial growth.

  20. 4.Ginkgo biloba Vasodilation on both arterial And venous circulation. Increase cerebral blood flow.

  21. It might be useful for disorder of memory(Alzheimer’s Disease).

  22. 5. Ginseng The root of the species Panax ginseng, also called Asian or Korean ginseng Ginsenoside stimulates the CNS,combats fatigue.

  23. Pharmacological Classification • 1. Acting on the GI Tract • (1) Peptic Ulcer • No Acid,No Ulcer • Antacids: • NaHCO3, Mg(OH)2, • Al(OH)3

  24. 1.Lederscon: Al(OH)3 +Mg(OH)2 2.Ulsanic: (Sucralfate) Insoluble in water Not absorbed from GI

  25. It binds to the ulcer site to form a protective barrier that prevents exposure of the lesion to acid. Side Effect:Constipation

  26. 3. Motility and Secretion Metoclopramide: Dopamine Antagonist 刺激胃腸之運動

  27. 4. Laxatives 加速糞便通過腸道

  28. 2. Drugs used in Hypertension

  29. 3. Anxiolytics,Sedatives and Hypnotics CNS Inhibitor:Anxiolytics 輕微之中樞神經系統抑制可使激動或焦 　　　　　　　　　　　　慮的人平靜下來

  30. Benzodiazepines(BDZs) Sleep Disorder Acute Anxiety States At night large dose:Hypnotics Day time small dose: Anxiolytic,Sedative Sublingual,IM,IV

  31. Dependence of BDZs: Physical Withdrawal Syndrome Drug Interactions of BDZs: With Alcohol------------ Additive or Synergistic Effect

  32. Triazolam(Halcion) 小白板 has all of the characteristic benzodiazepine pharmacological actions.It is marked as a sedative-hypnotic drug.

  33. (1) Anxiolytic (2) Sedative-Hypnotic (3) Anti-Convulsant (4) Muscle Relaxant

  34. Withdrawal Syndrome of DZs 焦慮 失眠 頭痛 厭食 嘔吐 發抖 全身虛弱 停藥後5-6 days later

  35. 4. Antipsychotics Drugs Also known as Neuroleptics(鎮神藥) Or Major Tranquilizers Schizophrenia(精神分裂)

  36. Treatment: Hyperactivity of Dopamine Positive Symptoms: Paranoia(偏執),Hallucination, Delusion(錯覺)

  37. Negative Symptoms: Thought Disorder,Behavioural Disturbances, Flat or Inappropriate Affect (單調或不合宜的情感), Social Withdrawal

  38. Pharmacological action: Sedation,Disinterest(冷漠), Limited Range of Emotion Dysphoria(不快) Improve positive Symptom

  39. Side Effect: Orthostatic Hypotension, Xerostomia(口乾), Akathysia(不能靜坐) Agitation(情緒激昂) Delirium(譫妄) Gynecomastia (男性女乳化) Tolerance

  40. 長期使用 臉部變形 口周圍震顫 顆粒性白血球缺乏

  41. Classification of Antipsychotics 1. Phenothiazine Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Strong Sedation 治療具暴力傾向病人

  42. Side Effect: 顆粒性白血球缺乏 Photosensitization More than 3weeks IM or IV

  43. 2. Lithium Manic-Depressive Illness 治療狂燥型憂鬱症

  44. It might prevent excessive Release of Dopamine Side Effect: Polydipsia劇渴 Polyuria多尿 Edema Tetratogenic

  45. Antidepressants • (1)Endogenous Depression • 內生性憂鬱症 • Profound Sadness深悲 • Passimism悲觀 • Loss of Interest • Sleep Disturbances

  46. Change in Appetite Diminished Libido性慾降低 Difficulty in Concentration 15% Suicide

  47. (2) Reactive Depression反應性憂鬱症 　　與Life Events有關如 個人失敗或生理疾病

  48. (3) Manicdepressive Disorder 躁鬱症 Pharmacological Action: Antidepressants can block Reuptake of Norepinephrine

  49. 5. Anti-Inflammatory Drug 發炎是細胞受破壞與感染時正常之反應可能引發疼痛與發燒

  50. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) (1) Aspirin Acetylsalicylic Acid(ASA) Low cost & Effective Dose:4g/day 具有止痛抗發炎與解熱作用

More Related