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IS A PEV RIGHT FOR YOUR FLEET?

Stephen Kibler, Fleet Manager City of Loveland, Colorado 970-962-3343 steve.kibler@cityofloveland.org. IS A PEV RIGHT FOR YOUR FLEET?. Are you trying to be “ green? ” Do you want reliable transportation? Are your daily driving needs between 15 & 60 miles/day

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IS A PEV RIGHT FOR YOUR FLEET?

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  1. Stephen Kibler, Fleet ManagerCity of Loveland, Colorado970-962-3343steve.kibler@cityofloveland.org

  2. IS A PEV RIGHT FOR YOUR FLEET? • Are you trying to be “green?” • Do you want reliable transportation? • Are your daily driving needs between 15 & 60 miles/day • Are you trying to reduce operating costs? • A PEV is good option • A PEV is a good option • A PEV is a good option • A PEV may or may not be right for your fleet

  3. It’s ‘Cost-Effective’ if you assign an EV to the right duty Our Shared Motor Pool of 16 vehicles replaced 32 old and underutilized vehicles with an average O&M cost was $2.04/mile 2 of the 16 are Nissan Leaf EV’s. The est. total cost of ownership for EV is $.28/mi (based on estimated utilization of 4,000 miles/yr. If utilization was 6,000 miles/year cost would drop to $.18/mi) Three more EV’s were just put into service, replacing three internal combustion (IC) vehicles (Meter Readers) Approximately 10 administrative people now share each EV, of which six vehicles were assigned and four employees received mileage reimbursement. 1st year’s utilization of one EV was approximately 3,500 miles (other one 500 mi) Previous year’s fuel consumption on eight IC vehicles replaced by one EV was 1,200 gallons @ $4,225, producing 12 metric tons GHG carbon 1st year’s mileage reimbursement for whole City dropped by $8,106 1st year’s vehicle O&M cost (on 32 old, high maintenance units) was reduced $160,000 (10-yr projected savings @$2.7M) One year’s O&M cost for each EV was $350 + depreciation @ 4,000 = $.28/mi. compared to $2.04/mile.

  4. How Loveland Determined What Would be Their Most Cost-Effective Life Cycle • Target 4,000 mi/yr. utilization for 3-years • Capital = $21,301 (-33% MSRP of $31.7K) • O&M = $350/yr. (yrs.1-4) • Residual values: • @ 2 yrs. Residual value averages 70% of MSRP • @ 3 yrs. Residual value averages 60% of MSRP • @ 4 yrs. Residual value averages 45% of MSRP • @ 5 yrs. Residual value averages 35% of MSRP • 271 working days/yr. X 15 miles/day = 4,000 • State pricing agreements provide huge savings • Recharge electricity, Insurance and tire rotation • Total cost of ownership: $0/mile; made $203 profit • Total cost of ownership $.18/mile • Total cost of ownership $.47/mile • Total cost of ownership $.68/mile

  5. How Does a PEV Compare to a Like-Sized Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle • We compared a 2013 Chevy Spark ICE @ 4,000 miles/year utilization • Capital costs: • Nissan Leaf – $21,301 (MSRP = $33,720) • Chevy Spark – $10,301 (MSRP = $12,168) • Average O&M costs per year: • Nissan Leaf – $350 • Chevy Spark – $1,500 • Emissions per year: • Nissan Leaf – .9 metric ton CO2 • Chevy Spark – 3 metric ton CO2 • Residual value at 3 years: • Nissan Leaf – MSRP X 60% = $20,168 from $21,301 = $1,133 net capital cost • Chevy Spark – MSRP X 60% = $7,910 from $10,301 = $2,391 net capital cost • Total cost-of-ownership: (Net capital + O&M X 3)/12,000 miles • Nissan Leaf – $.18/mile • Chevy Spark – $. 57/mile

  6. Dealer Paid For an Eye-Catching Graphic Wrap; Saved Us $3K/Vehicle

  7. GHG equivalency for EV • A Leaf uses 34 kWh to go 100 miles (3.6 miles/kWh @ $.03/kWh) = $3.00 • The average MPG on the 32 eliminated vehicles was 7 MPG. For 100 miles each used 14.3 gallon (@$3.50/gallon X 14.3) = $50.00 • (PRPA) Power plant electric generation for a PEV equates to 233 grams/mile, @ 4,000 miles usage = only .9 metric ton of CO2/yr. (< 1 metric ton of GHG) • Internal combustion engine (8,887 grams/gallon @ 7MPG = 1,270 grams/mile) @ 4,000 miles/year, calculates to 5 metric tons of CO2/yr. • Next time someone admonishes; “Well, that’s just a coal powered car” respond with; Yes, but the coal used to create the power produces 82% less GHC pollution than a like-sized gasoline powered vehicle… OR - - Yes, but a PEV is 5 times cleaner than a 1999 IC sedan… • EV’s can and should be slotted into daily duty-cycles of 75 miles or less (During cold weather, range drops approximately 20%) • What’s currently preventing this? • Charging station infrastructure and range anxiety (both fixable)

  8. Mitigating Challenges • Seek upper management support • Disprove Range anxiety • Provide ongoing feed back to users • Utilize positive media support • Report savings and utilization back to upper management • YOU must become the PEV champion for your agency

  9. Where Do We Go From Here?

  10. Target Replacement PEV’s In The Right Duty • Which work groups pay the most mileage reimbursement? • PEV’s should be considered for duty cycles where basic transportation could be shared by several people or daily distance is < 100 miles/week. • Don’t forget to involve your utility provider from the beginning. • Always involve the target group at the beginning • Loveland is targeting 10 more PEV’s total • Don’t give up, PEV’s will provide an added value in your fleets.

  11. Thank you for taking time out of your day to listen Steve Kibler contact info: 1-970-962-3343 Steve.kibler@cityofloveland.org

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