Beyond the regulatory comfort zone

1. Dr. James M. Cooper, Edinburgh Napier University Beyond the regulatory comfort zone 1

2. The taxi! • Well defined, well understood • Consistent understanding the world over • Regulatory tensions in control and delivery 2

3. Defining a regulatory debate? • Role of the taxi as a separate and controlled industry • Taxis fall outwith definitions of public transport • History of control of taxis 3

4. Relationships between modes • Public transit, its control • Public transit, ongoing reforms • Deregulatory movements • Budgetary pressures 4

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6. Categorizing Development • Innovation within a regulatory framework • Innovation at the limits of a regulatory framework • Innovation requiring regulatory accomodation 6

7. Barriers to development • Limitation of the structure itself • Limitation as a result of internally created barriers • Limitation as a result of external forces 7

8. Benefits from application • Significant trade benefit, market and profitability • Significant Regulator and city benefits, transit improvements • Significant public benefits, improved access. 8

9. Research agenda • Need to counter lack of inclusion • Address differences in the descriptions with the trade, and understandings beyond it, • Data availability, presence and harvesting • Raise the profile of the mode to a parr with other forms of transport 9

10. www.tri-napier.org www.taxiresearch.net 10