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Outside the comfort zone Getting comfortable with challenging your students. Geoff Hardy-Gould Director of Education, OISE. Aims. I have considered my beliefs on challenging learners I feel more comfortable with challenging learners
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Outside the comfort zoneGetting comfortable with challenging your students Geoff Hardy-Gould Director of Education, OISE
Aims I have considered my beliefs on challenging learners I feel more comfortable with challenging learners I have some techniques to challenge learners and to help learners challenge themselves I know what I need to do to make my lessons more challenging
Believing you can do it 1. Approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered, not threats to be avoided 2. Set themselves challenging goals 3. Heighten or sustain effort in face of failure 4. Attribute failure to insufficient effort, or lack of knowledge and skills which are acquirable next time
Sources of self-efficacy Mastery experiences Vicarious experiences Social persuasion Danger of undermining Structuring situations Reducing stress reactions
How teachers mediate challenge Fostering an internal need: to respond to challenges to seek out new challenges Appropriacy of challenge Fostering a sense of always wanting to go one step further Setting your own challenging goals
Learner Needs Matrix AFFILIATION Acquiescence AUTONOMY I want to contribute Acquiescent autonomy Restricted autonomy Apathy AGENCY Antagonistic autonomy Crushed autonomy Distorted autonomy Anger Anxiety Motivating Every Learner: Alan McLean, Sage 2009 Alienation
Learning stances and reactions Affiliation Acquiescence Quietly engaging Autonomy Mutedly engaging Harmoniously engaging Exasperating Apathy Hiding Energetically engaging Agency Alarming/draining Threatening Anxiety Opposing Anger Motivating Every Learner: Alan McLean, Sage 2009 Alienation
How teachers motivate their pupils AFFILIATION Engagement (care) Stimulation (enjoy) AUTONOMY Structure (trust) AGENCY Feedback (believe) Motivating Every Learner: Alan McLean, Sage 2009
Teaching styles Valuing Protecting Soothing Allowing Attuning Colluding Blocking Pushing Pestering Encouraging Crushing Coercing Crushing Provoking Trashing Motivating Every Learner: Alan McLean, Sage 2009
Levers for the challenging teacher Context and classroom culture Quantity of work in time available Difficulty of task (language, desired outcome) Assistance given Environmental adjustment (affect) Feedback (close monitoring; coaching)
Conclusion Ts can shy away from challenging sts Be the “challenging” teacher who fosters successful habits of mind Use differentiation techniques Show care, enjoyment, trust and belief in learners Build agency via coaching and mediation
geoff.hardy-gould@oise.com References Psychology for language teachers, Williams and Burden (CUP) 1997 Self-Efficacy, Albert Bandura 1994 (in VS Ramachaudran (Ed) Encyclopedia of human behaviour vol 4 New York: Academic Press) Motivating Every Learner Alan McLean, Sage 2009 Art Costa, Habits of mind across the curriculum 2009