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Review of High Energy Astrophysics Research in Mainland China

Review of High Energy Astrophysics Research in Mainland China. Zhang, Shuang Nan. Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics (THCA) and Physics Department Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Key Lab for Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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Review of High Energy Astrophysics Research in Mainland China

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  1. Review of High Energy Astrophysics Research in Mainland China Zhang, Shuang Nan Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics (THCA) and Physics Department Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Key Lab for Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Space Science Technology Center (NSSTC) and Physics Department University of Alabama in Huntsville, AL, USA

  2. Institutions involved in high energy astrophysics (I) • Beijing • Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences • Tsinghua University • Peking University • National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences • Beijing Normal University • Nanjing • Nanjing University • Nanjing Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences • Shanghai • Shanghai Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences • Shanghai Jiao-Tong University July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  3. Institutions involved in high energy astrophysics (II) • Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences • Kunming • Yunnan University • Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences • Guangzhou: Guangzhou University • Wuhan • Central China Normal University • Central China University of Science and Technology • Urumqi: Radio Astronomy Station • Xiamen: Xiamen University July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  4. Urumqi Kunming Guangzhou Wuhan Beijing Hefei Nanjing Xiamen Shanghai July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  5. Urumqi Kunming Guangzhou Wuhan Beijing Hefei Nanjing Xiamen Shanghai July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  6. High energy astrophysics research in Beijing • Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences • Tsinghua University • Peking University • National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences • AGN, clusters of galaxies, gamma-ray bursts, pulsars, accretion disks • Beijing Normal University • Accretion disks, X-ray binaries July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  7. Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS • Key Lab and Center for Particle Astrophysics • Ground-based high energy gamma-ray astronomy • Tibet AS-gamma experiment • Tibet ARGO-YBJ array • Space-borne high energy astrophysics • Instrumentation • Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (future satellite mission) • Gamma-ray burst monitor aboard the Shen-Zhou-II space lab. • Balloon-borne hard X-ray telescope • Small satellite R&D • Observations and data analysis • black hole and X-ray binaries, AGNs, gamma-ray bursts, supernova remnants, pulsars • Theoretical astrophysics • Accretion disks, gamma-ray bursts July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  8. YBJ International Cosmic Ray Observatory Tibet -Lhasa: 4300 m asl China-Japan: AS- China-Italy: ARGO Cosmic-ray High Energy Gamma-ray July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  9. ARGO-YBJ • China-Italy • @4300 m above sea level, 606 g/cm2 • 71x74 m2 full coverage of single layer RPC (resistive Plate Counters) • 100x100 m2 partial (~50%) coverage • 0.5 cm lead converter • gamma-ray threshold ~100 GeV • field of view: -100 to 700 • sensitivity: 0.1 Crab @ 100 GeV • 2.5 sigma detection of 30% flux variation of Crab within 20 days • status: • detectors and electronics being assembled • partial data taking in late 2002 or early 2003 July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  10. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  11. Morphology July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  12. Model: Close Cousin to the Crab Nebula July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  13. Doppler boosting model for the ring July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  14. Tsinghua University: Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope • ~1000 kg satellite mission • Survey of stellar mass and supermassive black holes • Broad band (15 - 200 keV) and high precision X-ray timing studies • Current 973 project: Phase-A (40 million CNY = $5M) • full mission cost ~ $100M • Main participating institutions: • CAS: Institute of High Energy Physics and Center for Space Science and Application Research • Tsinghua University: Astrophysics Center, Physics Department, Engineering Physics Department, Space Center • Possible international collaborations • Institute of TeSRE/CNR (Italy): to provide focusing X-ray optics and wide-field X-ray camera • Tubingen University (Germany): to provide electronics, data acquisition • University of Southampton (UK): mission optimization, space environments July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  15. Tsinghua University: Multiwavelength Small Satellite Mission • 100 kg satellite mission: wide field X-ray telescope + optical telescopes + gamma-ray monitor • Formation of black holes: gamma-ray bursts and supernovae • Evolution of black holes: broad band (0.5 - 30 keV) high precision spectral study (150-300 eV) • Being proposed by Tsinghua, Nanjing University, National Astronomical Observatoroies and Institute of High Energy Physics (CAS) • Full mission cost ~ $8M • Satellite to be build by Tsinghua Space Center • Possible international collaborations: • U.K., Italy, Germany, H.K. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  16. Tsinghua University: Theoretical Astrophysics • Compact objects: • Neutron stars: pulsars and pulsar wind • Strange stars: state of equation, surface properties • Black holes: formation and evolution • Gamma-ray bursts: origin and properties • Magnetohydrodynamics: • Solar g-modes • MHD density waves and tidal waves • Quasi-periodic burst activities of Jupiter • Circumnuclear starburst rings • Accretion disks and outflows • Global disk solutions • Non-thermal particle energy distributions • General relativistic effects and high-energy particle interactions July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  17. Tsinghua University: Observational Astrophysics • Direct Demodulation technique for non-focusing imaging • The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope • New timing analysis technique in the time domain • Power density, Variability,Time-lag • Sometimes more advantageous than FFT based timing analysis methods • New spectral-correlation technique • Detection of relativistic outflows without imaging or line identifications • New technique for distance determination of binary sources • Chandra imaging + FFT analysis • Data analysis with international space missions • Chandra, XMM-Newton, XTE, ASCA, BATSE, etc • X-ray binaries, galaxies, gamma-ray bursts, AGNs, jets/outflows • Virtual Observatories • Data archiving and data mining • Network optical telescope: • multiwavelength monitoring of transient high energy sources July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  18. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  19. PDS in time domain and with FFT July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  20. Neutron star low mass X-ray binaries July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  21. Cygnus X-1: black hole binary July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  22. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  23. Burst light curve in different bands July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  24. Theoretical Projects on High Energy Astrophysics at Peking University 1. Inverse Compton Scattering Model for Pulsar Radiation (lead by Prof. G.J. Qiao): The proposed beams and cones can naturally explain the observed pulse profile & polarization properties of pulsars 2. Bared Strange Stars (lead by Dr. R.X. Xu): Discussing the possibility, related physics and consequences of the idea if some pulsars are stars consisting of strange matters July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  25. Theoretical Projects on High Energy Astrophysics at Peking University 3. Accretion Disk Physics (lead by Prof. X.-B. Wu): Stability of the advection-dominated accretion flow naturally explains the inactive feature of nearby galaxies and X-ray binaries in low state. 4. Binary Black Hole Model in AGNs (lead by Dr. F.K. Liu): The interaction of secondary black hole with accretion disk around the primary black hole may explain the observed periodic variations and discontinuity of jet formation in radio-loud AGNs Standard thin disk ADAF + thin disk July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  26. Nanjing • Nanjing University • Nanjing Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences • gamma-ray bursts • solar flares July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  27. High Energy Astrophysics Research at Nanjing University • Non-thermal emission of supernova remnants and their evolution • Morphology, structure and composition of supernova remnants • Identification of historical supernova remnants • Supernovae and binary evolution • High energy radiation from compact stars • Gamma-ray bursts July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  28. The Relation for SNRs By analyzing Einstein data for SNRs, Zhen-Ru Wang at NJU, cooperating with F. Seward at CfA, found an important empirical relation between the X-ray luminosity of SNRs and the rotational energy loss rate of the pulsars inside. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  29. This relation, sometimes called “Seward-Wang relation”, is widely recognized and confirmed by observations with various X-ray satellites. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  30. Gamma-Ray Sources and Guest Stars On the basis of the fact that the youngest neutron stars emit strong gamma-ray radiation, Zhen-Ru Wang at NJU suggested that a few gamma-ray sources may be identified with young compact sources formed in the events of guest stars. One of such sources, 2CG 353 + 16 was identified with guest stars observed in the 14th century B.C. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  31. Chandra Observation of the Crab like SNR G21.5-0.9 Yang Chen at NJU presents the first evidence for the presence of an X-ray extended halo surrounding the Crab-like core G21.5-0.9. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  32. Supersoft X-ray Sources and Progenitors of SN Ia Calculations of the evolution of white dwarfs in binaries by Xiang-Dong Li at NJU lend support to the connection between supersoft X-ray sources, first observed with ROSAT, and the progenitors of SN Ia, and suggest possible distributions of the latter. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  33. Is 4U 1728-34 a Strange Star? With the RXTE observations of the kilo-Hertz QPOs in 4U1728-34, Xiang-Dong Li at NJU suggested that the equation of state of the compact star is more compatible with a strange star rather a neutron star. Allowed region July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  34. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  35. Generic Model: v-RDynamical Evolution • Solid: generic model • Dash-dotted: ultra-relativistic • Dashed: Newtonian July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  36. GRB Environments

  37. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  38. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  39. Meaning of Environmental Effects • 1st：Wind Effects Wind environments were provided by the progenitor of the GRB • 2nd：Density Effects Dense environments were probably molecular clouds GRB is associated with stellar forming region The existence of two kinds of environmental effects both support the view: GRBs were originated from the collapse of massive stars July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  40. GRB Energy Source

  41. Energy Source Models • Merger of NS-NS, NS-BH (Eichler et al., 1989; Paczynski, 1991) ► ~ 108 yr (Gravitational radiation timescale) • Massive star collapse(Woosley, 1993; Paczynski, 1998) ►Association with Star Forming Regions ►Association with supernovae • Phase Transition of NS⇨SS (Cheng-Dai, PRL, 1996; Dai-Lu, PRL, 1998) Natural ways to avoid baryon contamination: ►A strange star ►A rapidly rotatingBlack Hole + Disk  Maximum available energy29% MBHc242% Mdiskc2 (through Blandford-Znajek mechanism)spin energybinding energy July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  42. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  43. Shanghai • Shanghai Jiao-Tong University • Shanghai Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences • Bl Lac objects (VLBI observations) • Accretion disk and outflows • High energy radiation mechanisms July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  44. Shanghai Jiao-Tong University • X-ray Imaging Study of Elliptical Galaxies with Chandra 1. Distributions of gas and gravitating mass Constraint on the ellipticity and the mass profile of dark halos 2. Mass-to-light ratio & baryon fraction Comparison with theories & N-body simulations 3. Comparison with clusters of galaxies Xu et al. (ongoing) • Cerenkov Radiation as the Origin of the Iron K Line in AGNs You et al. 2002 • Resonant Inverse Compton Scattering of Fast Electrons in an Intense Magnetic Field You et al. 2002 July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  45. Kunming, Yunnan • Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences • Yunnan University July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  46. Periodic brightness minima and implications for binary pair of supermassive black holes in GeV QSO PKS1510-089. Searches for optical short timescale variations in gamma-ray loud blazars. Supermassive black holes in gamma-ray loud blazars: masses, rotations, and emission regions. Development of AGN model High Energy Astrophysics Activity in Yunnan Observatory July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  47. Astrophysical Center in Yunnan University The Astrophysical Center in Yunnan University was formally established in December 1998. The current research interests are high-energy radiation from both pulsars and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  48. Gamma-Ray Pulsars Dr. Zhang and his collaborator, Prof. K.S. Cheng (HKU), have made a detailed study in high-energy emission from rotation-powered pulsars. They proposed a self-consistent outer gap model (Zhang & Cheng, 1997, ApJ, 487, 370), and developed a three-dimensional outer gap model (Cheng, Ruderman & Zhang, 2000) for explaining the observed features of gamma-ray pulsars. July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  49. AGNs • High-energy radiation from blazars(Zhang &Cheng 1997, ApJ, 475, 534; Zhang &Cheng 1997, ApJ, 488,94; Fan, Cheng & Zhang ,1999, A&A, 352, 32) • Gamma-ray and multi-waveband emission from blazars(Cheng, Zhang, &Zhang, 2000, ApJ, 537, 80; Zhang, Cheng & Fan, 2001, PASJ, 53, 207; 2002, PASJ, 54, 159; Mei, Zhang & Jiang, 2002, A&A) • Polarization and variations(Fan, Cheng, Zhang, et al. 1997, A&A, 327, 947; Fan, Cheng &Zhang, 2001, PASJ, 53, 201; Fan et al. 2002, A&A, 381,1) July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

  50. Introduction Guangzhou University Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University July 6, 2002, IAU Regional Meeting, Satellite Meeting on High Energy Astrophysics, Tokyo, Japan

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