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ENERGY FLOW THROUGH THE ENVIRONMENT

ENERGY FLOW THROUGH THE ENVIRONMENT. Energy is lost. Energy is added. Energy must constantly be added to the biosphere as it is constantly lost from living organisms mainly in the form of heat. Energy is lost. GEOCHEMICAL or NUTRIENT CYCLES.

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ENERGY FLOW THROUGH THE ENVIRONMENT

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  1. ENERGY FLOW THROUGH THE ENVIRONMENT

  2. Energy is lost Energy is added Energy must constantly be added to the biosphere as it is constantly lost from living organisms mainly in the form of heat. Energy is lost

  3. GEOCHEMICAL or NUTRIENT CYCLES • Unlike energy, matter is not added to or lost from the environment. • Recall: • The law of conservation of matter states that “matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change” • All the atoms & molecules on earth are constantly recycled.

  4. WATER CYCLEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDyPkjQxkas&feature=related The Water Cycle Cartoon

  5. WATER CYCLE • Sun heats Earth Water evaporates rises • cools condenses forms clouds. • Water droplets  size  fall (precipitation). Water returns to oceans, • run off(over land erodes rocks etc) • percolation(toground water) • Water enters biosphere via plants & animals. • Transpiration(plants)/Perspiration&Excretions(animals) • Evaporation (lithosphere, hydrosphere). •  Cycle begins againhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFZr27Uq4Oo (MSB 25 min)

  6. CARBON CYCLEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDBU0lg-HYE(5.5 min)

  7. Glucose(Sugar) • Photosynthesis Respiration • Carbon Dioxide • Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide to store energy in glucose. • Respiration uses glucose release energy & carbon dioxide. The Carbon Cycle

  8. CARBON CYCLEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfMgeBfTug4&feature=related(3 parts about 7.5min)

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DP24BceOwt8(2 min)

  10. NITROGEN CYCLE • Nitrogen: • About 70% of atmosphere is inorganic N2. • Needed for protein & nucleic acid (NO3 - nitrate) The triple bond of N2 is VERY hard to break. Only bacteria(land) & cyanobacteria(water) can break the bond converting (N2) into ammonium & nitrates that plants can use. Without bacteria there would be no protein! Bacteria are also needed to convert NO3 back to N2

  11. NITROGEN CYCLEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaGNSmQQmBc&feature=related (15 min)

  12. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE • Phosphorus (P) is a key element in: • cell membranes, • ATP (cellular energy), • DNA & other nucleic acids, • calcium phosphate of bones. • The phosphorus cycle is different from other cycles as there is no phosphorus gas in the atmosphere.  • Phosphorus cycles in two ways: • a long-term cycle involving the rocks of the Earth's crust. • a short-term cycle involving living organisms (phosphate).

  13. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

  14. Phophorus Cycle http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMJRuHk9JkA(2min) Nitrogen & Phophorus Cycle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leHy-Y_8nRs(9.5min)

  15. PHOPHORUS CYCLE

  16. Human Interference in Nutrient Cycles • Phosphates: - in some detergents & fertilizers. • Nitrates: in fertilizers. • Over use of these nutrients  overgrowth of algae & bacteria in rivers and lakes • This causes “Eutrophication” • Sun is blocked light for other plants oxygen. •  Biomassdecay  oxygen other organisms. • The burning of fossil fuels CO2  contributes to climate change. • Climate change affects the water cycle & the water cycle affects everything else (erosion etc).

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