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Polarized Hadron Beams in NICA Project I.Meshkov 1 , Yu.Filatov 1,2 1 JINR, Dubna

Charles University A dvanced S tudies I nstitute S YMMETRIES AND SPIN (SPIN-Praha-2010) Prague, July 18 - July 24, 2010 Devoted to the 90th anniversary of Yu. M. Kazarinov's birth. Polarized Hadron Beams in NICA Project I.Meshkov 1 , Yu.Filatov 1,2 1 JINR, Dubna

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Polarized Hadron Beams in NICA Project I.Meshkov 1 , Yu.Filatov 1,2 1 JINR, Dubna

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  1. Charles University Advanced Studies Institute SYMMETRIES AND SPIN(SPIN-Praha-2010) Prague, July 18 - July 24, 2010 Devoted to the 90th anniversary of Yu. M. Kazarinov's birth Polarized Hadron Beams in NICA Project I.Meshkov1, Yu.Filatov1,2 1JINR, Dubna 2Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology

  2. I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha • Contents • Introduction: physics at NICA • Facility scheme and operation scenario • Polarized protons and deuterons acceleration in • Nuclotron • 3. Polarized particle dynamics in NICA Collider • 4. Luminosity of pp and dd colliding beams • 5. SPD – short description • Conclusion

  3. Introduction: Physics at NICA R. Pisarski and L. McLerran I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha J.Clemans, 19 Feb. 2010, Sci. Council of JINR L.McLerran, 15 July 2010, JINR Seminar Alexander Sorin, 20 July 2010, 1st talk

  4. Introduction: Physics at NICA Spin Physics at NICA • Main goal of the experimental studies with SPD is investigation the polarized phenomena which are of crucial importance for the solution of the nucleon spin problem ("spin puzzle") - one of the main tasks of the modern hadron physics. • The SPD program includes the studies of • Drell-Yan processes, • J/ production processes, • Spin effects in elastic pp, pd and dd scattering, THE SPIN PHYSICS DETECTOR- SPD to study spin structure of the nucleon and polarization effects at NICA (Conceptual Design Report) JINR Dubna 2010 • Spin effects in inclusive high-pT reactions, • Polarization effects in heavy ions collisions. I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha

  5. Introduction: Physics at NICA I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha The NICA Project goals : 1a) Heavy ion colliding beams 197Au79+ x 197Au79+ at sNN = 4 ÷ 11 GeV (1 ÷ 4.5 GeV/u ion kinetic energy ) at Laverage= 1E27 cm-2s-1 (at sNN = 9 GeV) 1b) Light-Heavy ion colliding beams of the same energy range and luminosity 2) Polarized beams of protons and deuterons: ppspp = 12 ÷ 27 GeV (5 ÷ 12.6 GeV kinetic energy ) dd sNN = 4 ÷ 13.8 GeV (2 ÷ 5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy ) Laverage 1E30 cm-2s-1(at spp = 27 GeV)

  6. 1. Facility Scheme and Operation Scenario (Contnd) MPD NICA Layout Fixed target experiments 2.5 m 4.0 m Booster KRION-6T & HILac Collider C = 534 m Synchrophasotron yoke SPI & LU-20(“Old” linac) Nuclotron beam transfer line Spin Physics Detector (SPD) Beam transfer lines & New research area Nuclotron I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha

  7. 1. Facility Scheme and Operation Scenario (Contnd) I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha Heavy Ion Mode: Operation Regime and Parameters Injector: 2×109 ions/pulse of 197Au32+ at energy of 6.2 MeV/u Booster (25 Tm) 1(2-3) single-turn injection, storage of 2∙(4-6)×109, acceleration up to 100 MeV/u, electron cooling, acceleration up to 600 MeV/u Collider (45 Tm) Storage of 30 bunches by 1x109 ions per ring at 1 - 4.5 GeV/u, electron and/or stochastic cooling Stripping (80%) 197Au32+ => 197Au79+ Two SC collider rings Nuclotron (45 Tm) injection of one bunch of 1.1×109 ions, acceleration up to 1 - 4.5 GeV/u max. IP-1 IP-2 2х30 injection cycles

  8. 1. Facility Scheme and Operation Scenario (Contnd) Stripping (80%) 197Au32+ => 197Au79+ I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha Polarized Beams Mode: Operation Regime and Parameters Injector: 2×109 ions/pulse of 197Au32+ at energy of 6.2 MeV/u LU-20: 2×1010 ions/pulse of d (5 MeV/u) or p 20 MeV Source of Polarized Ions (SPI) Booster (25 Tm) 1(2-3) single-turn injection, storage of 2∙(4-6)×109, acceleration up to 100 MeV/u, electron cooling, acceleration up to 600 MeV/u Collider (45 Tm) Storage of 30 bunches by 1x109 per ring at 5 - 12 GeV p, 2.5 – 6 GeV/u d electron and/or stochastic cooling Two SC collider rings Nuclotron (45 Tm) injection of one bunch of 1.1×109 ions, acceleration up to 1 - 4.5 GeV/u max. IP-1 IP-2 2х30 injection cycles

  9. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron Spin resonances spin – spin precession tune, Qx,y - betatron tunes k, m – integers, p – number of superperiods (8 for Nuclotron) Power of the spin resonances: w1,2 w3,4 Thus, no problem for d acceleration in Nuclotron I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha

  10. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron Spin resonances at Nuclotron 1.Intrinsic res. spin = kp  Qy 2.Integer res. spin = k lg(w/wD) lg(w/wD) Ep ,GeV Ep ,GeV wD = 7.310-4 wD = 7.310-4 I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha dB/dt = 1 T/s Here w is the resonance strength: w ~ 1/n , where nis turn number at exact resonance that is sufficient for spin overturn (at dB/dt = 0!). wD is the resonance strength that produces full depolarization at “free” crossing of the resonance at given crossing speed : wD~ 1/nD , where nD is turn number sufficient for spin overturn at given dB/dt (or d/dt). (In other words: one has to choose a crossing speed and calculate wD for it; then to compare actual resonance strength w with wD)

  11. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron Spin resonances at Nuclotron 4. Coupling res. spin = m  Qx , m  kp 3. Nonsuperperiodic res. spin = m  Qy , m  kp lg(w/wD) lg(w/wD) Ep ,GeV Ep ,GeV wD = 7.310-4 wD = 7.310-4 I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha dB/dt = 1 T/s • Not any resonance is dangerous! • There are three Types of Spin resonances at Nuclotron: • above blue line – strong resonance:particle crosses it without polarization loss (regime of adiabatic crossing, see further), • belowgreen line – a weak resonance, particle crosses it “free”, • between both lines – intermediate (see further) .

  12. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron Not any resonance is dangerous! Dangerous resonances are marked with red caps Spin resonances at Nuclotron dB/dt = 1 T/s lg(w/wD) 1.Intrinsic res. spin = kp  Qy 2.Integer res. spin = k lg(w/wD) 4 1 Ep ,GeV Ep ,GeV wD = 7.310-4 wD = 7.310-4 4. Coupling res. spin = m  Qx , m  kp 3. Nonsuperperiodic res. spin = m  Qy , m  kp lg(w/wD) lg(w/wD) Ep ,GeV Ep ,GeV 5 wD = 7.310-4 wD = 7.310-4 I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha dB/dt = 1 T/s 16

  13. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron(Contnd) Polarized proton acceleration in Nuclotron: Transparent Crossing of spin resonances Spin Tune Control System (STCS) y x s 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0. 1.0 0.5 0.5 Solenoid Dipole Solenoid Dipole Solenoid Dipole Solenoid Bx Bx Bs Bs Bx Dynamics of the Spin Orbit Vector (SOV) n n I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha y x s Spin = x∙y/2 per 1 turn, x , y  1

  14. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron(Contnd) Polarized proton acceleration in Nuclotron (Contnd) STCS parameters I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha Ltotal 3.5 m

  15. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron Tactics of Resonance Crossing Resonance strength w “dictates” the tactics of the resonance crossing: If the strength exceeds the blue line the resonance is strong and particle crosses itadiabatically (“slowly) without polarization loss; Resonances of the strength below the green line are weak, they can be neglected, i.e. they are crossed at given dB/dt (1 T/s in our case) practically without polarization loss; Intermediate case – between blue and green lines – dangerous resonances, they can be crossed with special methods (see further). Adiabaticity criterion: ,  is azimuthal angle ( = vt/Rs) I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha

  16. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron(Contnd) Spin , 10-3 Spin  3.810-3 Turn number I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha Polarized proton acceleration in Nuclotron: Transparent Crossing of spin resonances Multiturn Spin Tune Dynamics and STCS regime • STCS solenoids: B(t)solenoid  B(t)Nuclotron – • quasistationary regime STCS dipoles – pulsed mode operation

  17. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron(Contnd)  = 14 (Ep = 13.86 GeV), STCS parameters – see slide 14 y, cm s, m I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha Polarized proton acceleration in Nuclotron (Contnd) Closed orbit distortion in STCS An option: 2 STCS in 2 halves of a “warm section” of Nuclotron that decreases distortion amplitude and STCS fields by 2 times.

  18. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron(Contnd) Polarized proton acceleration in Nuclotron (Contnd) Proton Momentum Spread Limitation at Transparent Crossing of a Resonance The condition to be met: ,  = 1, 2 if where , g/ - proton anomalous magnetic moment, D, D0 – the beam depolarization at the resonance crossing with STCS application and without it, correspondingly. For Nuclotron Rs = 40 m,  = 22.5 m  = 110-4 (Ts)1/2 That gives at dB/dt = 1 T/s at 2 T dipole field I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha However, such a low p/p requires e-cooling application (!) that is available at The Booster. Thus, we return to the scheme with The Booster!

  19. 1. Facility Scheme and Operation Scenario (Contnd) Below 1st dangerous resonance in the Booster  To be analyzed! Two SC collider rings IP-1 IP-2 I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha Polarized proton acceleration (Contnd) LU-20: 2×1010 ions/pulse of d (5 MeV/u) or p 20 MeV Source of Polarized Ions (SPI) Booster (25 Tm) 1(2-3) single-turn injection, storage of 2×109 p, acceleration up to 50 MeV, Collider (45 Tm) Storage of 30 bunches by 1x109 pper ring at 5 - 12 GeV, No cooling! electron cooling, extraction Nuclotron (45 Tm) injection of one bunch of 1.1×109 ions, acceleration up to 12 GeV max. 2х30 injection cycles

  20. An option: acceleration up to 5 GeV and extraction into collider for further acceleration (revolution frequency variation  1.3%)up to 12 GeV max. Depolarization at acceleration in the collider is suppressed by Siberian Snake (see further) 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron Not any resonance is dangerous! Dangerous resonances are marked with red caps Spin resonances at Nuclotron dB/dt = 1 T/s lg(w/wD) 1.Intrinsic res. spin = kp  Qy 2.Integer res. spin = k lg(w/wD) 4 4 1 1 Ep ,GeV Ep ,GeV wD = 7.310-4 wD = 7.310-4 4. Coupling res. spin = m  Qx , m  kp 3. Nonsuperperiodic res. spin = m  Qy , m  kp lg(w/wD) lg(w/wD) Ep ,GeV Ep ,GeV 1 16 5 2 wD = 7.310-4 wD = 7.310-4 I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha Then depolarization after transparent crossing of all 8 resonances is  5%.

  21. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron(Contnd) “A remedy”: “Partial Siberian Snake”: Adiabatic crossing of an integer resonance by variation of solenoid field. The idea of the method is in an increase of a resonance strength up to the level allowing its adiabatic crossing: B(t)sol  B(t)Nuclotron . The method has been tested experimentally (i.e. at AGS BNL) I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha Polarized proton acceleration in Nuclotron (Contnd) Alternative method: “Q-jump” + “Partial Siberian Snake” “Q-jump”: Fast crossing of an intrinsic resonance by change of betatron tune Qy: spin =res  kp  Qy , [(t)]res = Qy(t) Advantage: experimentally realized technique. However, the problem of integer resonances crossing remains!

  22. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron(Contnd) Polarized proton acceleration in Nuclotron (Contnd) Three options: • Transparent crossing • “Q-jump” + “Partial Siberian Snake” • Transparent crossing + “Partial Siberian Snake” Final choice and decision can be done after a comprehensive study including numerical simulation. I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha

  23. 3. Polarized Particle Dynamics in NICA Collider Spin rotator: “Full Siberian snake” Longitudinal polarization formation: solenoid as Siberian snake A remark: Spin precession in arc is That gives = g/2  1.79 for protons relatively to velocity vector. It means spin makes in arc  0.9 turns B SPD I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha MPD Upper ring “Siberian snake”: Protons, 1  E  12 GeV  (BL)solenoid 50 T∙m Deuterons, 1  E  5 GeV/u  (BL)solenoid  140 T∙m !

  24. 3. Polarized Particle Dynamics in NICA Collider (Contnd) Longitudinal polarization formation: solenoid as Siberian snake (Contnd) SPD “Full Siberian snake” B I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha MPD Lower ring

  25. 3. Polarized Particle Dynamics in NICA Collider (Contnd) Longitudinal Polarization Formation: Dipole Siberian Snake(Contnd) -By -By y x s 1st half of the Snake: protons, 5.4 GeV ( = 6), 14 dipoles x 0.31+0.1 m, Bmax = 5 T, Ltotal = 5.64 m -Bx By Bx Bx I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha

  26. 3. Polarized Particle Dynamics in NICA Collider (Contnd) Longitudinal Polarization Formation: Dipole Siberian Snake (Contnd) By y x s -Bx -Bx Bx 2nd half of the Snake: protons, 5.4 GeV ( = 6), 14 dipoles x 0.31+0.1 m, Bmax = 5 T, Ltotal = 5.64 m -By By I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha

  27. 3. Polarized Particle Dynamics in NICA Collider (Contnd) Longitudinal Polarization Formation: Dipole Siberian Snake (Contnd) By y x s -Bx -Bx Bx Possible option (under analysis): Dipoles at equal field (5 T) but of different length. Advantage: reduced orbit distortion amplitude and the Snake length -By By I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha What about deuterons? The problem: g’/2 = -0.14298… - - too high value of BL ! No chance (almost) for Dipole Snake with deuterons and very high parameters of Solenoid Snake.

  28. 3. Polarized Particle Dynamics in NICA Collider (Contnd) From Nuclotron Solenoid spin rotator S S Dipole Upper ring B B From Nuclotron Solenoid spin rotator Dipole Lower ring I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha Longitudinal polarization  injection scheme Protons, 1  E  12 GeV  (BL)dipole 3 T∙m Deuterons, 1  E  5 GeV/u  (BL)dipole  5.8 T∙m

  29. 3. Polarized Particle Dynamics in NICA Collider Spin rotator: “Full Siberian snake”, i.e., rotation around longitudinal axis (!) by  - By Spin rotator - /4 Spin rotator + /4 By B SPD Matching dipole (- /4) - By By Spin rotator - /4 B Spin rotator + /4 I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha Transverse Polarization Formation: Dipole Spin Rotators Horizontal polarization MPD

  30. 3. Polarized Particle Dynamics in NICA Collider Transverse Polarization Formation: Dipole Spin Rotators Spin rotator: “Full Siberian snake”, i.e., rotation around longitudinal axis (!) by  Vertical polarization. The scheme is similar to the previous one: Spin rotator + /4 Bx Spin rotator - /4 MPD - Bx SPD B B - Bx Matching dipoles (- /4) B Spin rotator - /4 Spin rotator + /4 Bx I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha The circle colour indicates the value of vertical component of the spin!

  31. 4. Luminosity of pp and dd colliding beams Parameters of polarized proton beams in collider I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha

  32. 5. SPD – short description • Draft version 2.1 • 14.06.2010 • THE SPIN PHYSICS DETECTOR- SPD • to study spin structure of the nucleon and polarization effects at NICA • (Conceptual Design Report) • Magnet system (red) draft version 2.1 14.06.2010 THE SPIN PHYSICS DETECTOR SPD (Conceptual Design Report) • Silicon vertex • detector (blue) EM barrel (brawn) • EC (yellow) yellow. • The SPD cross-section (axial plane) JINR Dubna 2010 I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha

  33. 5. SPD – short description (Contnd) 0.7 m • The view of the SPD torroid magnet. I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha

  34. 5. SPD – short description (Contnd) The schematic view of the EM barrel ( shown in yellow and brawn) • The view of the silicon • vertex detector (blue) EM calorimeter (“shashlyk”modules) EM end-caps I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha

  35. 5. SPD – short description Thank you for your attention! I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha Conclusion: Realization of polarized beam program at Nuclotron and Collider looks feasible. Its development will bring experimental studies in spin physics at JINR to a new level.

  36. 2. Polarized Protons and Deuterons Acceleration in Nuclotron(Contnd) I.Meshkov, Yu.Filatov Polarized Beams in NICA SPIN-Praha-2010 July 23-28, 2010 Praha Polarized proton acceleration in Nuclotron: Crossing of spin resonances Pulsed dipole scheme Spare

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