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a modern approach

input sentence. a modern approach. morphological processing. lexicon. syntax analysis (parsing). grammar. semantic rules. semantic analysis. pragmatic analysis. contextual information. target representation. step 1- morphological processing.

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a modern approach

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  1. input sentence a modernapproach morphological processing lexicon syntax analysis (parsing) grammar semantic rules semantic analysis pragmatic analysis contextual information target representation

  2. step 1- morphological processing objective: strip words into roots & modifiers issues • inflection (cat pl cat-s) • derivation (happy adj happiness noun) • compounding (toothpaste)

  3. step 2- syntax analysis objectives: 1 check for correctness 2 produce phrase structure uses • parser a rule-based search engine • grammar context-free production rules • lexicon dictionary of words & their categories

  4. semantic processing (one approach) • semantic rules in grammar  1st stage case frame • verb form  primitive action case frame • disambiguate & fill additional case frame slots • check references with world and/or dialog • do statement level inference • integrate with dialog • do event sequence dialog

  5. the ambiguity problem eg: the boy kicked the ball under the tree grammar rules S  S PP S  NP VP NP  ?det *adj noun NP  NP PP

  6. step-1: produce raw case frame • verb cases the cat chased the rat in the kitchen the cat chased the rat into the kitchen the boy kicked the bal / wall under the tree • common cases source start-time instrument destination end-time beneficiary location duration

  7. semantics in grammar rules (np (np -> det noun ?pp) (det . noun) pp ) (pp (pp -> prep np) (prep . np) ) (s1 (s -> np vp *pp) (actor . np) (action . vp.action) (object . vp.object) *.pp ) (vp (vp -> verb np) (action . verb) (object . np) )

  8. example frame #1 actor (quant specific) (tags animate male human) (qual (age (range 3 13))) (root boy) action (root kick) object (root ball) (tags manip) (posn-relative (locator beneath) (object (root tree) ...etc... )

  9. example frame #2 actor (quant specific) (tags animate male human) (qual (age (range 3 13))) (root boy) action (root kick) object (root ball) (tags manip) dest (posn-relative (locator beneath) (object (root tree) ...etc... )

  10. example verb form #1 primitive strike prohibited object (tags manip) slots instrument (part-of $actor foot) legal start-time, end-time, duration instrument, beneficiary, location illegal source, dest

  11. example verb form #2 primitive push required object (tags manip) slots instrument (part-of $actor foot) legal source, dest, start-time, end-time, instr, beneficiary, locatn, duration

  12. semantic processing (one approach) • semantic rules in grammar  1st stage case frame • verb form  primitive action case frame • disambiguate & fill additional case frame slots • check references with world and/or dialog • do statement level inference • integrate with dialog • do event sequence dialog

  13. integration with dialog dialogs have... • players (actors) • props (objects) • locations (from case frames) • themes (derived) • event sequences (from themes) • plans (from themes and/or derived)

  14. event sequence set of... • players (actors) • props (objects) series of... • semantically encoded activities (matched) • escapes, exceptions & alternatives

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