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Breeds of Beef Cattle

Breeds of Beef Cattle. Study Sheet. Unit: Introduction to Beef Production Lesson: (2) Breeds of Beef Cattle Objective: I will be able to identify the major beef breeds and their significance to the beef industry. Study Questions.

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Breeds of Beef Cattle

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  1. Breeds of Beef Cattle PowerPoint in part adopted from: Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum

  2. Study Sheet • Unit: Introduction to Beef Production • Lesson: (2) Breeds of Beef Cattle • Objective: I will be able to identify the major beef breeds and their significance to the beef industry.

  3. Study Questions • How do the Bos indicus and Bos taurus species of beef cattle differ? • What are the histories and identifying characteristics of beef breeds common in Missouri? • What are factors that influence breed selection?

  4. Study Question 1 How do the Bos indicus and Bos taurus species of beef cattle differ? PowerPoint in part adopted from: Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum

  5. Two species of Beef Cattle • Bos indicus • Bos taurus

  6. Originated from Cattle in India Loose skin Large ears Humped Heat-resistant Insect-resistant Originated in Europe Tight hides Small ears No humps More tolerant of cold weather Bos indicus Bos taurus

  7. How many breed of Beef Cattle exist? • Worldwide there are over 200 breeds of beef cattle. • We are going to learn about 16 breeds that are common in Missouri.

  8. Study Question 2 What are the histories and identifying characteristics of beef breeds common in Missouri? PowerPoint in part adopted from: Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum

  9. Angus • First imported from Scotland by George Grant of Kansas in 1837 • Solid black in color • Naturally polled • Maternal • High quality carcasses with a large degree of marbling

  10. Red Angus • Red color due to a recessive gene in black Angus • Same characteristics as black Angus

  11. Beefmaster • Developed in Texas in 1931 by Tom Lasater • ¼ Hereford, ¼ Shorthorn, ½ Brahman • Red to almost white in color • Horned or polled • Good growth rate • Hardy • Maternal and fertile

  12. Brahman • Developed from Zebu cattle in India crossed with several European Breeds • Gray to black in color • Loose hides • Large ears • Humped • Horned • Heat-resistant • Insect-resistant

  13. Developed in the United States in the early twentieth century 5/8 Angus, 3/8 Brahman Black Polled Maternal High growth rate Thick carcasses with a minimum of excess fat Brangus

  14. Charolais • Introduced in the United States by the King Ranch in the 1930s • Originally developed in France • White • Horned or polled • Large • Heavily muscled • Fast-growing

  15. Chianina • Originated in Italy • First used in the United States in the early 1970s • Used to produce show steers as a terminal breed • Almost any color • Horned or polled • Fast Growing • Extremely Large

  16. Gelbvieh • Originated in Germany • Imported I the early 1970s • Red to golden or black in color • Horned or polled • Gentle • Very maternal

  17. Hereford • Imported from England by Henry Clay in 1817 • Red with white face and chest; also white on neck, feet and switch • Horned, but used to develop Polled Hereford breed • Excellent foragers • Tolerant of cold weather

  18. Originated in France First introduced into the United States in the late 1960s Light red to dark red or black Horned or polled Lean Heavily muscled Limousin

  19. Longhorn • Originally from Spain • Brought to Mexico and then Texas in the early 1500s • Extremely Hardy • Almost any color or combination of colors • Horned (spreading to four or more feet) • Lean meat • Adaptable to harsh environmental conditions • Resistant to many diseases and parasites

  20. Maine Anjou • Originated in France • Introduced to the United States around 1970 • Red and white, solid red, black, or black and white in color • Horned or polled • Heavily muscled • Gentle • Fast-growing • Used extensively in producing show steers

  21. Salers • Originated in France • Imported in the mid 1970s • Black or dark cherry red in color • Horned • Easy calving • High growth

  22. Santa Gertrudis • Developed on the King Ranch in Texas in the early twentieth century • 5/8 Shorthorn, 3/8 Brahman • Dark red • Horned or polled • Easy-calving • Good foraging ability

  23. Shorthorn • Originated in England • Red; red & white or roan in color • Horned or polled • Highly maternal • Gentle • High-quality carcasses

  24. Simmental • Originated in Switzerland • First imported in 1969 • Solid red, red and white, yellow, black, or black and white in color • Horned or polled • Large • Fast growing • Maternal • High milk production

  25. Study Question 3 What factors influence breed selection? PowerPoint in part adopted from: Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum

  26. Breed Selection • Needs of the producer • Breeds used in the past • Available feed and labor resources • Goals of the operation • Market trends • Traits of the breeds

  27. Review • How do the Bos indicus and Bos taurus species of beef cattle differ? • What are the histories and identifying characteristics of beef breeds common in Missouri? • What are factors that influence breed selection?

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