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The University of Northern Virginia College of Business Administration Virginia - USA

The University of Northern Virginia College of Business Administration Virginia - USA. Effective Assistance Management For Palestinian Refugees in Gaza Strip Application to Job Creation Program (JCP) of UNRWA. By Hussam R. A. Ahmad Supervisor Dr. Faris Abu Moammar.

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The University of Northern Virginia College of Business Administration Virginia - USA

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  1. The University of Northern Virginia College of Business Administration Virginia - USA

  2. Effective Assistance Management For Palestinian Refugees in Gaza StripApplication to Job Creation Program (JCP) of UNRWA By Hussam R. A. Ahmad Supervisor Dr. Faris Abu Moammar

  3. A research submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of "MBA and management" The University of Northern Virginia2008

  4. PART I

  5. ABBREVIATION • JCP: Job Creation Program • GTP: Graduate Training Programme • LFA: Logical Framework Approach • PRA: Participatory Rapid Assessment • UNRWA: United Nations Relief and Works Agency • IDS: Instruments designs & sampling • SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Sciences • NGO: Non Governmental Organization • OPT: Occupied Palestinian Territories • ًWFP: World Food Program • PNA: Palestinian National Authority

  6. Research Environment Problem The Unemployment problem in the Gaza Strip

  7. Purpose of the Research • The purpose of this research is to assess the job creation program in Gaza Strip which is offered by UNRWA, exploring the different factors affecting this program, analyzing and interpreting these factors, and drawing conclusions and implications.

  8. Focus of the research • The focus of this research is to identify the factors affecting the JCP, and to develop some insights into planning a better managerial understanding, which will increase the level of effectiveness of the JCP.

  9. Research Questions When we started this research, we had several important questions in mind to reach to a better understanding of the problem. These questions were focused in several sectors such as:- • Does the UNRWA JCP meet its intended goals? • What are the criteria for enrolment in the JCP among unemployment persons in Gaza Strip? • What are the areas of strength and areas of weaknesses in the JCP? • How is the JCP being perceived by its beneficiaries and stakeholders? • What are the factors, which affect the JCP? • What could be done in order to improve the JCP satisfaction in Gaza Strip?

  10. Importance of Research • The unemployment problem is a direct result of the Israel occupation, which caused many families to be under poverty, more than fifty thousand persons can not arrive their work in the Israeli factories for more than six years, closing of crossings by the Israeli Army leave many factories without any raw material, in order to shut factories in front of Gaza Strip labor force, alsothe destruction process by the Israeli Army of thousands of factories leave the main work force unemployed. • This is the main reason for the decrease of the life level for the Palestinians in Gaza Strip, accompanied by the negative affect on the education, health and social levels.

  11. The objectives of the Research This research aims to;- • Assess the status of the JCP implemented at the UNRWA-Gaza. • Estimate the degree to which the JCP has met its intended goals. • Identify the program areas of strength, and areas of weaknesses. • Estimate opinions, and perspectives of the program beneficiaries. • Provide suggestions, and recommendations to improve the design and the implementation of the program.

  12. Hypothesis We also had several hypothesis regarding this study’ they were focused on the following; • Hypothesis One: there is a significant positive relation between the JCP monthly salary and the alleviating poverty, evaluation procedures at (0.05) level • Hypothesis Two: there is a significant positive relation between the training by GTP and building capacity evaluation procedures at (0.05) level • Hypothesis Three: there is a significant positive relation between the work chance by JCP and the quality life, evaluation procedures at (0.05) level • Hypothesis Four: there is a significant positive relation between the work chance by JCP and the psychosocial, evaluation procedures at (0.05) level

  13. Hypothesis(cont) • Hypothesis Five: there is a significant positive relation between the poverty and the age, qualification, experience, gender, and family size, evaluation procedures at (0.05) level • Hypothesis Six: there is a significant positive relation between the work chance by JCP and the age, qualification, experience, gender, and family size, evaluation procedures at (0.05) level

  14. Research Methodology • Study Design The design has been selected because this method would be useful for descriptive analysis of study constructs, namely perspectives, perception, experiences and satisfaction. • The Study population Firstly: Beneficiaries; who have been benefited from the program. Secondly, Managers of the JCP and the managers of organizations that employed them. • Sample size For beneficiaries; Around 516 respondents stratified by certain categories-through questionnaire For managers; Purposive sample interviewed.

  15. PART II

  16. Data collection Triangulation: 1- Questionnaire The questionnaire consists of 28 questions which are divided into three main sections as per the following: • Personal and socioeconomic data and how they benefited from the JCP. • Questions about the JCP and how it benefited the participants. • Questions about opinions about the JCP. • Open ended data. The Questionnaire has been revised by: Dr. Faris Abu Moammar,Dr. Mohamed Elmadhoon, Dr. Mohamed Meqdad and Dr. Nafez Parakat

  17. Data collection (cont) Sample size: The sample has been determined after obtaining the needed figures. the population size at 90% Confidence and the error 4 % are willing tolerate. Using: http://gsociology.icaap.org/methods/, methodology of social research.

  18. The age of the sample size: Data collection (cont) Gender Family size Qualifications level

  19. Data collection (cont) 2- Interview • Management related issues such as goals, objectives and gaps, future plans • Managers perceptions about the JCP. • All the questions was been open ended ones. The interview has been with: • JCP individual beneficiaries. • An interview with JCP Administrative Manager. 3- Focus groups: • Focus beneficiaries' institution group • Focus beneficiary group

  20. Data collection (cont) 4- Document review : • The JCP monthly reports. • The UNRWA general reports. • The Palestinian Statistics Center annual Reports 5- Observation: • Throw my visiting to JCP department. • Throw view unemployed column at the registration office of UNRWA. • Throw visiting the JCP work place. 6- Community forum: • Members of Parliament. • Activists of human rights. • Unionists interested of unemployment problem.

  21. PART III

  22. Conclusion and Recommendation

  23. Conclusion 1- Relevance: The program is intended to address poverty in the Gaza Strip and supports NGOs by creating jobs of development and improvement of living conditions, but the researcher find that: • The beneficiary's disagree that, the current situation of JCP is enough to deal with unemployment problem. • And the beneficiaries' institution group declares also the current situation of JCP is not enough to deal with unemployment problem. • The beneficiary's disagree that the JCP will make him able to find work. • the beneficiaries declare that: JCP helps him to face the unemployment problem partially. • The beneficiaries' institution group declares also that their institutions does not depend on Workers who come from JCP

  24. Conclusion (cont) 2- Efficiency: The procedures of the JCP include the description and arranging for the series steps and specific instructions for the completion of all operations required, but the researcher find that: • The whole sample disagree that, the JCP demand of professional has no distinction, when the programme chooses the employee. • The focus beneficiary group declares that: The JCP does not demand proficiency, when the employee is chosen. • The JCP administrative manager says that: The salary is calculated based on a rate of wage categories, and is not higher than the private sector. • But the beneficiaries' group says that: we got just two or three chances, throw seven years of the JCP life.

  25. Conclusion (cont) 3- Effectiveness: the JCP administrative manager says that: The JCP Covers 7000 beneficiaries per month in the current situation, the program seeks to reach the poorest to address poverty. And the JCP Concerns to merge the beneficiaries in the labour market • Beneficiary group says that they agree that they do a good job when they work with the JCP. But they do not agree that the JCP will make them able to find work. • The beneficiaries' institution group says that the workers who come from JCP are keen to attend only to receive their wage, they also do not care about the instructions we provide them.

  26. Conclusion (cont) 4- Impact: The program seeks to reach the poorest, and intended to address poverty through the Job creation and training of graduates to merge them in the labour market. • The whole sample disagree that, the monthly amount is enough to face the daily needs, or the total amount they received from JCP is enough for the year. • the JCP limit the poverty for its beneficiary's at the work period but their life level continue under poverty because the family size which where nearly eight person, and the $1 for a person is not enough for the daily needs. • While as some beneficiaries say that: the work time with JCP improve our life, just through the work period, and they feel happy when a chance of JCP occurs. But they agree strongly that the monthly salary is not enough to face their daily needs.

  27. Conclusion (cont) 5- Sustainability: JCP Administrative Manager says: The program seeks to reach the poorest, JCP works to increase the budget to cover 22500 beneficiaries per month next year. • The beneficiaries' institution says that: Our institution tried to demand on the JCP in emergencies, the program provided us with some logistic assistance,the JCP searches for institutions to employ the trainees, in order to enhance institution relations with the social working environment. • Individual beneficiary says that: It is more important than other programs like UNDP Unemployment program, some institutions, which used to provide food and aid assistance, provide nothing now.

  28. The intended goals of the UNRWA JCP 1- The criteria for enrolment in the JCP among beneficiaries: The JCP determines criteria for beneficiaries, as refugees family or mix family, work age, one chance for one person of the same family on the same time, 2- The areas of strength and areas of weaknesses in the JCP: • Financing situation:the ability of the JCP improves in time, the operation began with 2000, to 7000 beneficiaries per month. • Combating poverty:Officials of JCP declare that the JCP is based on JCP in order to combat poverty, by pay the salaries to the beneficiaries in order to raise their standard of living above the poverty.

  29. The intended goals of the UNRWA JCP (cont) 2- The areas of strength and areas of weaknesses in the JCP (cont): The GTP:The beneficiaries of the GTP receive jobs for 4.5 months annually, while others receive just three months every 3 years. 3- How beneficiaries and stakeholders perceive the JCP? Perceive by the beneficiaries:The questionnaire shows that 85% of the population size have some knowledge about the JCP. This percent indicates that the program has spread widely among the public, reflecting the importance of the program's role in the public life.

  30. The intended goals of the UNRWA JCP (cont) 3- How beneficiaries and stakeholders perceive the JCP? (cont) Perceive by the UNRWA managers: UNRWA Considers the JCP as a part of its emergency plan to cope with the effects of Israeli military operation against the inhabitants in the Gaza Strip. Perceive by the donors: JCP sends report to the JCP donors, a press statements which issued by the General Commission, seeks the international community and donating States to confidence the work of UNRWA.

  31. The intended goals of the UNRWA JCP (cont) 4- Factors, which affect the JCP: Funds: Funding plays the most important role in the JCP, the total amount is determined the beneficiary number. The siege and closures: The JCP began in October 2000 with the beginning of the escalation of Israeli army operations against Palestinian people, and no one can expect the expiry date because the continuing of the emergency situation. The nature and needs of the unemployed: the new graduates need for training in addition to their need of work, So they need experience to enter the work market, therefore, the survival of the beneficiaries in the GTP will be short because of the need for them in the work market.

  32. Recommendation The researcher's outline recommendations are presented through the following points: 1- Structure for the JCP: must take into account the appropriate number of construction of the Action Team, scientific specialization, distribution of geographic regions and ease of transmission of information between the team and the senior management of the JCP. • Organizationalstructure for the JCP Directorate is suitable for the beneficiaries of the JCP system • There is a direct contact between the current JCP Directorate and the senior management in the UNRWA. • There is a clear plan of action for the current JCP Directorate.

  33. Recommendation 2-The quality of the information: upon the JCP is an important factor in guiding the program towards the goals it is set for, the indictment for the poverty requires accurate information collected from more than one source and updated regularly, where it is being analyzed for access to information to assess in wise decisions. • The information provided by the current JCP IS; is completed and comprehensive • The information provided by the current JCP IS; is up-to- date

  34. Recommendation 3- JCP Information System effectiveness: Measuring organizational effectiveness: an overview and update of senior management perspectives. • The current JCP IS support multiple services provided by the UNRWA for unemployment refugees. • The current JCP IS; is subject to change and amendment according to user needs. • The application information is important for acceptance. • The unemployed have the same chance for acceptance. • The poorest case have a better chance

  35. Recommendation 4- Technical Staff: Team members must be skilled, scientific and technical resources must be ready, which enable them to play their best work. • The JCP staff must have the capacity to do the work. • The employee in all level has experience and management skills to cope with the tasks required from. • The employees receive training on a regular basis to develop their skills and abilities

  36. Recommendation 5- The monthly salary: The average monthly salary must take into account: • The family size. • The unemployment period for the person. • The world's poverty line, not only the wage of privet sector.

  37. Recommendation 6- Building capacity: Promotion must continue of the JCP interest in building the capacity of the beneficiaries, in order to enable them to enter in the labor market. • Make unemployment person able to find work. • Do a better job with the JCP. • Choose the best place and pest work. • The JCP work requires high performance.

  38. With the best wishes Thank you

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