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Classical Mediterranean

Classical Mediterranean. Chapter 4 Pg. 76-95. Persian Tradition. Key civilizations rose neighboring & influencing the Mediterranean: Persian Empire during Greek Era Sassanid Empire during Roman Era Cultural contributions include: Zoroastrianism. Patterns in Classical Greece.

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Classical Mediterranean

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  1. Classical Mediterranean Chapter 4 Pg. 76-95

  2. Persian Tradition • Key civilizations rose neighboring & influencing the Mediterranean: • Persian Empire during Greek Era • Sassanid Empire during Roman Era • Cultural contributions include: • Zoroastrianism

  3. Patterns in Classical Greece • 800BCE-500BCE: early Greek diversity, common language from Phoenicians • 500BCE-431BCE: Greek city-states flourish & expand • 431BCE-338BCE: decline due to Peloponnesian Wars • 338BCE-100BCE: Alexander the Great & Hellenistic period

  4. Patterns in Classical Rome • 509BCE-45BCE: Roman Republic expands vigorously • 27BCE-180CE: Roman Empire’s peace & prosperity • 180CE-476CE: Roman Empire declines as society loses effectiveness

  5. 1 of 3 Political Institutions • Political theory & citizenship create cultural preoccupation with gov

  6. 2 of 3 Political Institutions - Greece • Characteristic Greek city-states innovate two forms: • Direct democracy = decisions made by voting citizens attending assemblies • Aristocratic assembly = aristocrats gather to check executive power

  7. 3 of 3 Political Institutions - Rome • Common threads of Roman politics: • Local autonomy & religious freedom • Codified objective law: held territory together & limited aristocratic privilege • Function based on military, infrastructure, entertainment

  8. 1 of 3 Religion & Culture • Religion: polytheism classical mythology regulating human powers & nature • Christianity: only historically significant during Rome’s decline • Had clear limitations

  9. 2 of 3 Religion & Culture • Philosophies fulfilled some religious shortfalls through • Ethical codes of moderation • Abstract theories about human nature • Science & math weak empirically • Yet contributed geometry, anatomy, engineering • Art & literature • Sculpture, Plays, Poems

  10. 3 of 3 Religion & Culture • Architecture & engineering • Roman aqueducts • Greek Parthenon • Column styles

  11. 1 of 2 Economy & Society • Commercial agriculture dominated • Free farmers indebted to landlords • Olive & grape agriculture required trade & expansion • Slavery was a key ingredient • Hindered production technology

  12. 2 of 2 Economy & Society • Families patriarchal, but women had some rights • Rural culture differed significantly than urban cultural legacy

  13. Toward the Fall of Rome • Decline after 180 CE & fall in 476: • More definitive than other civs • Result of • Loss of territory & population • Political & Economic ineffectiveness • Nomadic invasions

  14. Global Connections • Greek connections framed by belief in own superiority • Roman connections complex due to size, diversity of population, economic clout, yet confidence in own style

  15. Question • What are the short-term & long-term effects of the Mediterranean civilizations’ lack of a dominant unifying religion?

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