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Genetics Grade 7

Genetics Grade 7. Fill out your Agenda and leave it out! Get out your spiral . 2. Warm Up. Which of the following traits can be inherited? A.  the ability to play piano B.  the ability to read C.  the type of clothes you wear D.  the shape of your ears

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Genetics Grade 7

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  1. GeneticsGrade 7

  2. Fill out your Agenda and leave it out!Get out your spiral 2

  3. Warm Up • Which of the following traits can be inherited? A.  the ability to play pianoB.  the ability to readC.  the type of clothes you wearD.  the shape of your ears • One type of genetic material that carries the inherited traits of an organism from parent to offspring is — A.  DNAB.  nervous systemC.  body cellsD.  skin

  4. Traits are Carried in Tiny Structures Called Genes Genes are Found in the Nucleus of Cells

  5. What Genes Do in Your Body • Each cell in the human body contains about 25,000 to 35,000 genes, that carry information to help determine your traits. • Traits are characteristics you inherit from your parents; • This means your parents pass some of their characteristics on to you through genes TPS: What does the statement “You inherit traits from your parents” mean?

  6. Genes carry information that helps make you who you are Genes are made of DNA DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid A gene is a section of DNA that controls a trait ( ex. tall /short) that an organism inherits TPS: If genes are sections of DNA, where are genes located in the cell?

  7. What do you know about DNA? Where have you heard the term? What was the context or situation? DNA Write this in your notebook and be ready to share with your class as your teacher records on the board.

  8. What is DNA? • The genetic material that carries information about an organism passed from parent to offspring • A complete set of instructions necessary to make and maintain the human body. • A Blueprint of the human body

  9. TPS: Why is DNA interesting? TPS: What is DNA? Why is DNA Interesting? • DNA is a nonliving molecule. • There are 6 feet of it in every cell. • DNA is unique for every individual • DNA controls all the activities in the cell.

  10. DNA and Crime Solving • Because DNA is a nonliving, nonreactive chemical molecule… • It can be recovered from mummies over 2000 years old. • Long-dried blood in murder investigations • Ancient bones

  11. Chromosomes • DNA is too long to fit into a nucleus, it must be tightly wound-up to fit inside the cell. • Chromosomes are DNA wrapped around proteins to form an X-shaped structure.

  12. Where is DNA? Found in Cells… inside the Nucleus , the Control Center. DNA is wound tightly into structures called Chromosomes so it can fit into a tiny cell… so, Chromosomes are made of DNA Short sections of DNA in the chromosomes are called Genes

  13. Where is DNA? In your Notebook: Draw and label the location of DNA in the cell Draw and label the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes. Analogy: DNA is like yarn that can be wound Into a tight ball ( chromosome); it can contain many colors (genes) on the same piece of yarn and can be used to make something (traits)

  14. Each Human Cell has 23 pairs of Chromosomes Mother Father 46 Total (23 from mom; 23 from dad)

  15. A Model of a Chromosome Gene • Chromosomes are made up genes. • A gene is a section of DNA (section of a chromosome) that controls a trait that an organism inherits. • If the string of shapes represents a chromosome – what does each individual shape represent?

  16. Model of a Chromosome Gene for the Trait Brown Eye color Gene for Tall Height Gene for Brown Hair color Gene for the Shape of our Fingers – long and slender Gene for Attached vs Unattached Earlobes TPS: how many genes are on this chromosome model?

  17. Humans Chromosomes TPS: What are the dark lines?

  18. Downs Syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome. How important are chromosomes? • Humans need all 46 chromosomes for normal development and function. • Humans that are missing even one of the 46 chromosomes do not survive. • Humans with more than two copies of a chromosome will not develop properly.

  19. Compared to a real human chromosome, what are the limitations of the model? Chromosome Model Scientific Picture

  20. Write a riddle about one or two of the following terms: DNA, Genes, traits, chromosomes Write a Haiku about the importance of DNA (5-7-5 syllable pattern) Active Learning

  21. One Set of Chromosomes Mother Father One set of chromosomes come from the mother and one set of chromosomes come from the father. The entire chain of shapes represent a chromosome - the individual shapes represent genes. The offspring inherits a pair of genes for each trait. When the genes are identical the offspring is called homozgous or purebred for that trait. When the genes are different, the offspring is called heterozygous or hybrid for that trait. Which gene pairs would make a homozygous offspring ? (similarities) Which genes pairs would make a heterozygous? (Differences) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

  22. Model of a Chromosome Father Mother Gene for the trait Brown Eye color Gene for Brown Eye color 1 1 Gene for Tall Height Gene for Tall Height 2 2 What is the mother’s phenotype for each trait? Gene for Brown Hair color Gene for Black Hair color 3 3 Gene for the Shape of your Fingers-slender Gene for the Shape of your Fingers-fat 4 4 Gene for Attached Earlobes Gene for Unattached Earlobes 5 5 Phenotype-The physical characteristics/traits you can observe

  23. Model of a Chromosome Father Mother Gene for the trait Brown Eye color Gene for Brown Eye color BB or Bb BB or Bb 1 1 Gene for Tall Height Gene for Tall Height TTor Tt TTor Tt 2 2 Gene for Brown Hair color Gene for Black Hair color BB or Bb BB or Bb 3 3 Gene for the Shape of your Fingers- slender Gene for the Shape of your Fingers-fat ff 4 4 FFor Ff Gene for Attached Earlobes Gene for Unattached Earlobes ee EE or Ee 5 5 Genotype- The two genes that determine an organism's (offsprings) traits

  24. Do Your Earlobes Hang Down?Learning Experience 2 After each trait is described – mark a check under Yes or No in the Me column. Collect data for each trait from the entire class. Graph class data for each trait

  25. Vocabulary • Genotype – the two genes that determine an organisms traits • The genotype of a tall plant that has two genes alleles for tallness is TT • Phenotype – The physical characteristics of an organism you can observe. • The phenotype of a tall plant is tall, regardless of the genes it contains

  26. This activity models the random selection of a egg and a sperm in producing the genotype and phenotype of offspring. Please model using the overhead prior to the students conducting the lab. Transparent Traits Learning Experience 3

  27. Transparent TraitsFormative Assessment Questions • What do the colored squares represent? • Why are the genes always removed in pairs? • Where does the organism acquire its genes? • If two colored squares are drawn, what was the organism’s genotype? • Is the trait dominant or recessive in this organism? • What was the phenotype of this organisms? • If two clear squares were drawn, what was the organism’s genotype? • If one clear and one colored square are drawn, what was the organism’s genotype? • Is the trait dominant or recessive in this organism? • What was the phenotype of this organism?

  28. What are the limitations of the model? Based on what you know about genetics thus far… • Each square represents one gene on one of the 23 chromosomes. • Each gene is not selected individually – they come in packets called ____? • Human traits like eye color and hair color have multiple alleles – they are the results of one gene from the mother and one gene from the dad.

  29. Putting it All Together • Homozygous • Heterozygous • Phenotype • Genotype • Dominant • Recessive • Dragon Genetics

  30. Processing Using the dragon simulation as an example: • What was changed in order to change the appearance of the dragon? • Therefore, a change in the ____ results in a change in the _____. • Do you have to change the genes on both chromosomes to change the phenotype? Explain • How is the phenotype affected by the genes being homozygous or heterozygous? • How many different dragon combinations are possible?

  31. Mastering Terms • Homozygous • Heterozygous • Phenotype • Genotype • Dominant • Recessive • How can students demonstrate their understanding of these terms?

  32. Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics • The Story of Gregor Mendel • Mendel’s Experiments: http://www.cccoe.net/genetics/mendel.html • Dominant and Recessive Traits http://www.cccoe.net/genetics/dom_rec.html Activities: • Interactive Guide to Mendel’s Experiments (7th) • Some Traits are Dominant- Animation/Activity • http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/4/concept/

  33. Write a radio commerical to advertise a visit to your school by Gregor Mendel. The advertisement should include: • Why his research impacts what we know about genetics. • Something that would spark the interest of the students to come to the presentation.

  34. Genes in Action

  35. Extension of Cody and Codette • Reflect back on Cody and Codette’s offspring. • Which organisms would live to survive and pass on their genes in this environment? • Which would not? • Which organisms would be “naturally selected” to survive and which would not?

  36. Cody and Codette • Reflect back on Cody and Codette’s offspring. After the entire class has completed their organism and placed them into an environment. • Which organisms would live to survive and pass on their genes? • Which would not?

  37. Vocabulary • Natural occurrence is Natural Selection • Natural selection is the process by which certain heritabletraits—those that make it more likely for an organism to survive and successfully reproduce —become more common in a population over successive generations.

  38. Vocabulary • Selective breeding: • The method of breeding certain organisms together that have desirable traits. • The process of manipulating the phenotype of the offspring.

  39. Example of Selective Breeding Hardy – can thrive in hot climates, the beef is not as good Tender, tasty beef Does not thrive in hot climates Heat resistant cattle with tender beef

  40. Selective Breeding - Ancestry American Bulldog Bull Mastiff American Pit Bull Terrier Staffordshire Bull Terrier

  41. Selective Breeding Try it Out! • Dog Breeding

  42. Ethics • Think Time • Discuss some possible positive outcomes of : • Selective Breeding • Cloning • Genetic Engineering • Discuss some possible negative outcomes of: • Selective Breeding • Cloning • Genetic Engineering

  43. Putting It All Together • Sponge Bob • Make an Acrostic from the word “Heredity” • Create analogies using the following pairs of words: • Homozygous/heterozygous • Phenotype/genotype • Dominant/recessive

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