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Global Opportunities for Engineers & S & T Professionals

Global Opportunities for Engineers & S & T Professionals. By Dr T.H. Chowdary * Director, Center for Telecom Management & Studies * Chairman, Pragna Bharati (Intellect India), AP * Former Information Technology Adviser , Government of A.P Chairman & Managing Director

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Global Opportunities for Engineers & S & T Professionals

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  1. Global Opportunities for Engineers & S & T Professionals By Dr T.H. Chowdary * Director, Center for Telecom Management & Studies * Chairman, Pragna Bharati (Intellect India), AP * Former Information Technology Adviser, Government of A.P Chairman & Managing Director Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd., Bombay T: +91 (40) 2784-6137/6667-1191(O) F: +91 (40) 2789-6103/6667-1111 (O) thc@satyam.com Talk @ ANITHS, Tangi Valasa: on 5th August 2008

  2. Taking offWorld GDP per Person, 1000=100______________________________________ 3500______________________________________ 3000______________________________________ 2500______________________________________ 2000______________________________________ 1500______________________________________ 1000______________________________________ 500______________________________________ 01000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000Sources: Angus Maddison; J.P. Morgan S314 Sep 2006

  3. World Population and the Poor Year Population % of the Poor 1820 1.1 billion 85% 1980 5 billion 30% 2000 6 billion 20% 2007 6.5 billion 18% S314 Sep 2006

  4. Growth of GDP; Population; Per Capita Income (PCI) & Years for doubling PCI • Lesson from China: Control population during period of growth [JRD’s advice to Nehru in 1950s dismissed.] • BPL ratio is the index: in India it came down from 70% in the 1950s to • about 30% now [BPL ratio in A P is 85% according to white ration cards & increasing.] S314 Sep 2006

  5. Content of GDP(Figs. in %) S314 Sep 2006

  6. The Earth is Flat –Thomas Friedman • 2.5 bln, educated, low wage people added to work in the global economy after the Collapse of the Berlin wall ( 9-11-1989) and the USSR’s empire (1991) • Service occupations opened to competition by emergence of digital economy and the global spread of broad-band • Out-sourcing; Off-shoring; Not only software, BPO but also KPO! • Out-ward looking international economic policy-relations with trade/market partners • Bold and sustained political support for education; S&T & Entrepreneurship S314 Sep 2006

  7. Science & Engineering Education • India has 12.1 mln science grads & diploma holders ( 14% in A P highest in India; 2nd Tamilnadu; 3rd Maharastra) • 10 mln age group ( 17 to 22) in the Universities • Population with 10th/12 class study 1991 2004 69.7 mln (8.2%) 246.9mln (23%) • Graduates & above 1991 2004 20.5 mln (2.4%) 48.7 mln (4.5%) • About 24% of graduates are in sciences • Of about 10 mln P.Gs in 2004 - 20% are in sciences S314 Sep 2006

  8. Engineering & Business Professionals / year S314 Sep 2006

  9. How Equipped is India for Higher Education • *Suggest: Begin having a University for each District • * Every Private Engineering College should be required to grow into a University within 8 years of wind up. • Corporates to found.fund ‘Varsities’. • In India we have 8.8 mln. or 5% of the young in the age group 18 to 23 yrs. in Universities S314 Sep 2006

  10. S &T Personnel(per 1000 persons) S314 Sep 2006

  11. Quality of Education (1) Number of Research Papers Published India South Korea Israel Brazil China 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 Source: Business World, 30 Jan 2006 No. of Papers 0 1980 1990 2000 Years S314 Sep 2006

  12. Quality of Education (2) Number of PHD Degrees in Engineering China South Korea Taiwan India Japan 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 500 0 Source: Business World, 30 Jan 2006 No. of Degrees 1975 1975 1999 Years S314 Sep 2006

  13. Knowledge Production- China S314 Sep 2006

  14. Brain Gain in Developed Countries S314 Sep 2006

  15. Foreign Students in the USA (2004-’05) S314 Sep 2006

  16. College Grads ( Professions) Leaving Country (%) S314 Sep 2006

  17. Decline in the USAOur Opportunity (1/3) • US 18 to 24 Y olds receiving science degrees has fallen to 17th position in the world from 3rd, three decades ago. • World-wide Bachelor degrees in Science & Engineering 2.8 mln in Y 2003 Asia EU USA 2.1 mln 830K 400K • Asian Universities produce 8 times more Engineers than the USA S314 Sep 2006

  18. Decline in the USAOur Opportunity (2/3) • S&E degrees (out of all Bachelor degrees) China Korea Taiwan USA 60% 33% 41% 31% • Engineering Bachelors graduating every year USA Russia China India 5% 25% 46% 4% S314 Sep 2006

  19. Decline in the USAOur Opportunity (3/3) • Foreign born S&E graduates in the US (Brain gain) S&E Bachelors Masters Ph.Ds 1999 11% 19% 24% 2000 17% 29% 38% S314 Sep 2006

  20. Indian Talent Works for Others • GE- largest R&D center outside USA in Bangalore 2300 • double that in Shanghai • $ 80 mln Bangalore center • Filed for 260 patents (37 appvd.) • Motorola: 1700 employees • 40% of software in its mobiles from India • The Internet Browser and multimedia messge system conceived & developed for 3G,GSM, engineered • Global automakers ( 3 to 5)% on R&D • India: 150K computer graduates • HUWAI & ZTE…. S314 Sep 2006

  21. Indian Software Industry Exports ( $ mln ) S314 Sep 2006

  22. Employment in Indian IT sector*,’000 20 mln@ ‘06 (* Years ending March; + Estimate @ break-up: NA) S314 Sep 2006

  23. Share of India in GlobalBPO & KPO Markets Year 2003-’04 2010-’11 BPO 36% 55% KPO 56% 71% Leaders: Eng. Design Basic Data Biotech & Search Pharma Integration & Mgment 400m $ 300m $ 280 Education coming up S314 Sep 2006

  24. India as base of R&D • Foreign companies setting up Development centers in India • Texas Instruments, Motorola, QUALCOM; HUAEI, ZTE, Microsoft, Alcatel, Siemens, Huawi • Pharma companies too S314 Sep 2006

  25. India’s R&D & Teaching • Knowledge producer • TIFR • BARC, ISRO • IISC,ISI • C-DAC, C-DOT • Ph.Ds • Building National Champions • ZTE, Huawi, KETRI & LG S314 Sep 2006

  26. Foreign Companies Engaging Indian intellect • GE – Largest R&D center outside USA is in India in Bangalore with 2300 researchers, double that in Shanghai • GE put in $ 80 mln in the Bangalore R&D facility • GE’s Bangalore R&D field for 260 patents in the USA (37 already approved) • Boeing USA is outsourcing Aircraft design to Russia ( $ 120/ Hr) • Russians are outsourcing parts of the design to HAL (BG) at $ 30/Hr • Gorbachev went to USA to recommend Moscow as Bangalore’s rival! • An Indian retained does the work of 2 or 3 Europeans; does not take 6 weeks of holidays & costs one-fourth S314 Sep 2006

  27. Some Foreign Companies’ Employees in India S314 Sep 2006

  28. A New Business: Education • NIIT trains 45,000 students/year • Has tie-up with 35 Universities in China • Entered China in 1997, has 10 training centers in 25 provinces • Offers courses in Arabic, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, French and English • Took loan from World Bank and gives education loans & scholarships S314 Sep 2006

  29. E-tutors • Kochi tutors teach 20,000 US Students in Maths and Science online ( audio, video interactive) • IIT Chennai students help students in Singapore, grades 6 to 12 on their Maths homework • Teachers develop lesson plans to teach Maths • Company is Heymath.com S314 Sep 2006

  30. India’s English Speaking Advantage This is an excerpt from an essay written by a candidate from Bihar in the UPSC (IAS) examination. We are informed that the candidate has passed the exam: The cow is a successful animal. Also he is 4 footed, and because he is female, he give milks, ( but will do so when he is got child). He is same like God, sacred to Hindus and useful to man. But he has got four legs together. Two are forward and two are afterwards. His whole body can be utilised for use. More so the milk. Milk comes from 4 taps attached to his basement. His motion is slow only because he is of lazy species. Also his other motion (gobar) is much useful to trees, plants and as well as for making flat cakes ( like pizza), in hand, and drying in the sun. His only attacking and defending organ is the horns, specially so when he is got child. - (Contributed by Vipin Buckshey, New Delhi, H.T 31.1.04) S314 Sep 2006

  31. Improvements We Need (1/2) • We need great teachers 70% of living Nobel Laureates are teaching in the top 50 US Universities • Quality of education; learning; creativity; analytical & communication abilities • Examination talent X Knowledge talent • Competition among colleges & universities • Private Universities – Government to back off • End the farce of “minority” colleges S314 Sep 2006

  32. Improvements We Need (2/2) • Great companies, not MLAs, Real-estate men to found colleges & varsities • Post graduation/ Research & work for a few years in the top six of the OECD countries • Markets/Clients abroad • Wealth creation here & jobs for Indians • MIT graduates founded 4,000 companies, created 1.1mln jobs, generated sales of $232 bln (Rs. 10,43,000 crores) S314 Sep 2006

  33. Foolish Questions • Are we producing cyber-coolies • West exploiting Indian talents & profiteering • Digital Divide: Rich-poor gap between nations & within India Satyam/ Byrraju – GramIT; work to villages S314 Sep 2006

  34. India’s R&D & Teaching • Knowledge producer • TIFR • BARC, ISRO • IISC,ISI • C-DAC, C-DOT • Ph.Ds • Building National Champions • ZTE, Huawi, KETRI & LG S314 Sep 2006

  35. BHARAT MAHAN!(Intellectuals estimate of India) India is the only country which never invaded any foreign country “India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without even having to send a single soldier across her border”.- HU SHIH, Former Ambassador of China to USA S314 Sep 2006

  36. “We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made.”-ALBERT EINSTEIN“In the whole world there is no study so beneficial and so elevating as that of the Upanishads. It has been the solace of my life; it will be the solace of my death”. -SCHOPENHAUER BHARAT MAHAN! S314 Sep 2006

  37. Bharat Mahan! • World’s first Universities: • Takshasila – 800 BC; 10,000 foreign students, 52 subjects • Nalanda & Vikrama Sila S314 Sep 2006

  38. BHARAT MAHAN! “If I were to look over the whole world to find out the country most richly endowed with all the wealth, power and beauty thatnature can bestow-in some parts a very paradise on earth - I shouldpoint to India. If I were to asked under what sky the human mind has most fully developed the choicest gifts, has most deeplypondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solution ofsome of them which well deserve the attention even of those who have studied Plato and Kant - I should point to India. And if I were to ask myself from what literature we here in Europe, we who havebeen nurtured almost exclusively on the thought of Greeks andRomans, and of one Semitic race, the Jewish, may draw thatcorrective which is most wanted in order to make our inner life more truly human, a life not for this life only, but a transfigured and eternal life -- again I should point to India”. -MAX MULLER S314 Sep 2006

  39. BHARAT MAHAN! “India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of Europe’s languages; shewas the mother of our philosophy; mother,through the Arabs, of much of ourmathematics; mother, through the Buddha, ofideals embodied in Christianity; mother, through the village community, of self-government and democracy. Mother India isin many ways the mother of us all”. -WILL DURANT S314 Sep 2006

  40. BHARAT MAHAN! “Whenever I have read any part of the Vedas, I have felt that some unearthly and unknown lightilluminated me. In the great teaching of theVedas, there is no touch of the sectarianism. Itis of ages, climes, and nationalities and is the royal road for the attainment of the Great Knowledge. When I am at it, I feel that I amunder the spangled heavens of a summer night”. -HENRY DAVID THOREAU S314 Sep 2006

  41. BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology Bhaskaracharya (5th century AD) calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds ofyears before the astromer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: 365.258756484 days.  The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit words NAV Gatih. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit ‘Nou’ S314 Sep 2006

  42. BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology Budhayana first calculated the value of pi, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century long before the European mathematicians. Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India. Sridharacharya propounded quadratic equations in the 11th century. S314 Sep 2006

  43. BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 1053 with specific names as early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Peta: 1015.The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC.India invented the Number System.Zero was invented by Aryabhatta. S314 Sep 2006

  44. Dhanyawad:Thank You S314 Sep 2006

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