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New England Colonies

New England Colonies. ~1620~. The Thirteen Colonies. Puritans. Most English people attended the Church of England A group wanted to “purify” the religion to concentrate on the word of God found in the Bible Persecuted in England for going against the church, called separatists

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New England Colonies

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  1. New England Colonies • ~1620~

  2. The Thirteen Colonies

  3. Puritans • Most English people attended the Church of England • A group wanted to “purify” the religion to concentrate on the word of God found in the Bible • Persecuted in England for going against the church, called separatists • Separatists wanted to separate from the English church entirely, while Puritans wanted to purify it • William Bradford lead a group of wandering Puritans and seperatists( known as Pilgrims) to the Netherlands.

  4. The Beginning of Change • September 1620~ Left Netherlands, felt like visitors • 35 Pilgrims and 67 hired craftsmen • Headed for Virginia on Mayflower to start settlement • Blown off course, landed off Cape Cod on December 26th, 1620 • Should they stay or sail down the coast to find VA?

  5. Plimoth Plantation • Area First discovered by Champlain

  6. Mayflower Compact • Some wanted to go onto VA, some wanted to stay • Men had to sign an agreement before leaving the ship • Stated “for the good of the colony, everyone would obey the leaders and stay together to start a settlement” • Contract provided for a government and set laws for the colonists • Elected John Carver as first governor

  7. Smoothe Sailing? • Winter, no time to plant • Ground not fertile, climate wet and cold • Hardships were many • sickness, half died • buried with unmarked graves

  8. Indians~1621 • Heard many frightening stories about • Weren’t expecting Samoset • Limited English • Asked to spend the night

  9. Samoset • Algonkian chief • Squanto- Tisquantum • Learned English from traders • Became a trusted friend to the Pilgrims

  10. Lessons from Squanto • Burying fish in the ground • Where wild herbs grew • Which berries and plants were safe to eat • Where to fish • How to hunt without guns • Served as translator, made peace treaty with Chief Massasoit (Wampanoag)~lasted until Massasoit’s death in 1661 (King Philip’s War began) • Could not have survived without Squanto!

  11. Peace Treaty with Wampanoag Indians • Pilgrims and Wampanoag would never attack each other • Help defend each other from other attacks • No stealing • Return anything taken previously (tools and corn)

  12. Change of Leadership • John Carver died • People chose William Bradford as the new Governor of Plimoth (Plymouth) • To thank the Indians Bradford invited them to a harvest celebration • Colony thrived and grew over the next 10 years

  13. Massachusetts Bay Colony • 1630 • Another group of English colonists led by John Winthrop • Puritan communities grew and prospered • Established Harvard, first college in America for young men • Not all Puritans believed in harsh rules

  14. Puritan Beliefs Lead to New Colonies • No dancing • No playing cards • Harsh punishments, locked in stocks, branded, or banished • Must belong to one church and follow all rules

  15. Roger Williams • Disagreed with Puritan leaders and rules • Thought it wrong to take Algonquin land and to punish other’s for religious beliefs • Put on trial and to be sent back to England • Governor Winthrop let him slip away • 1636~Began a new settlement in Rhode Island after getting a charterfrom England • First to separate government and religion

  16. Anne Hutchinson • Came from England 1634 • Believed each individual has a personal relationship with God whether Puritan or not • Took power away from ministers • Made women have a voice • Brought to trial and banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony ~1638 • Fled to RI and then New York

  17. Mary Dyer • Friend of Anne Hutchinson • Followed Quaker beliefs that all people were equally important to God • Banished from MA • Returned and continued spreading beliefs • Hanged on May 31, 1660

  18. Maine Colony • Many Native American tribes prior to English and French exploration • 1622 England gave Maine and NH to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason • 1629 Split the land up. Gorges took Maine • 1677 Massachusetts bought Maine from Gorge’s heirs

  19. New Hampshire • Founded on a land grant in 1622 • When split, Capt. John Mason took NH • Names NEW Hampshire after Hampshire England

  20. Thomas HookerConnecticut • Puritan clergyman who was ordered to appear before the court for nonconformist preaching • Fled to Holland, finally to Newtown (Cambridge) • Had a disagreement with a Puritan leader and was banished • Went in 1636 to found Hartford Conn. along with approx. 86 others • Shared in writing the Fundamental Orders (1st constitution)

  21. Middle Colonies

  22. Colony of Pennsylvania • 1681 Started by a Quaker, William Penn • Gave up wealth and prestige for religious freedom, left England • Asked King Charles II for a large piece of North America • Named land “Penn’s Woods” • Wrote the Charter of Liberties

  23. New York • 1624 Peter Minuit bought Manhattan from the Algonquin for $24

  24. New Jersey

  25. Delaware

  26. Southern Colonies

  27. Colony of Maryland • Started by a catholic, Lord Baltimore (George Calvert) seeking religious freedom • Provided a safe place to practice their religion

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