1 / 50

The Properties of Matter

The Properties of Matter. Chapter 2. Problem Solving. Scientists will often use an object’s properties to best help them solve a problem. Section 1: What is Matter?. Objectives Define and describe the two properties of all matter Identify the tools and units used to measure volume and mass

zazu
Download Presentation

The Properties of Matter

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Properties of Matter Chapter 2

  2. Problem Solving • Scientists will often use an object’s properties to best help them solve a problem

  3. Section 1: What is Matter? • Objectives • Define and describe the two properties of all matter • Identify the tools and units used to measure volume and mass • Calculate the volume of a regular-shaped object with a formula • Calculate the volume of an irregular-shaped object with the water displacement method • Compare and contrast mass and weight • Explain the relationship between mass and inertia

  4. Section 1: What is Matter? • We are made of matter • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

  5. Section 1: What is Matter? • Is it matter? • Toaster • Bowl of soup • Steam • Sound • Dust • Air • Heat • Flag • Bacteria • Light

  6. Section 1: What is Matter? • How much space does matter take up? • It depends • We call it volume • Volume is the amount of space taken up, or occupied, by an object

  7. Section 1: What is Matter? • Liquid volume • Often use units like the Liter (L) and milliliter (mL) • 1000 mL = 1 L • Use a graduated cylinder to measure • Read along meniscus bottom • Meniscus is a curve at a liquid’s surface

  8. Section 1: What is Matter? • Volume of solids • Regular shape—use a formula • Irregular shape—water displacement method • Measure water volume • Measure new volume with object • Find difference VOLUME = LENGTH X WIDTH X HEIGHT

  9. Section 1: What is Matter? • How will we do math problems in physical science? • 4 steps • Write the formula • Identify the variables • Put numbers in equation • Solve for the answer, circle answer

  10. Section 1: What is Matter? • Sample problem: What is the volume of a box that has a length of 5 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a height of 2 cm? • Step 1: Write the formula V= L x W x H

  11. Section 1: What is Matter? • Sample problem: What is the volume of a box that has a length of 5 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a height of 2 cm? • Step 2: Identify the variables 5 cm 1 cm 2 cm

  12. Section 1: What is Matter? • Sample problem: What is the volume of a box that has a length of 5 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a height of 2 cm? • Step 3: Put numbers in the equation V= 5 cm x 1 cm x 2 cm

  13. Section 1: What is Matter? • Sample problem: What is the volume of a box that has a length of 5 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a height of 2 cm? • Step 4: Solve and circle answer V= 5 cm x 1 cm x 2 cm V= 10 cm3 NO NAKED NUMBERS!!

  14. Section 1: What is Matter? • Matter and Mass and Weight • Mass is the amount of matter in an object • It is the same everywhere in the universe! • Weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object • The more mass, the more weight • Varies by its location in the universe

  15. Section 1: What is Matter? • Differences between Mass and Weight

  16. Section 1: What is Matter? • Inertia • Inertiais the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion • The more mass an item has, the more inertia it will have

  17. Section 1: What is Matter? • Section Review • Please answer the objectives on your objective summary sheet • Define and describe the two properties of all matter • Identify the tools and units used to measure volume and mass • Calculate the volume of a regular-shaped object with a formula • Calculate the volume of an irregular-shaped object with the water displacement method • Compare and contrast mass and weight • Explain the relationship between mass and inertia

  18. Section 2: Physical Properties • Objectives • Identify six examples of physical properties of matter • Describe how density is used to identify substances • Calculate density using a formula • List examples of physical changes • Explain what happens to matter during a physical change

  19. Section 2: Physical Properties • Let’s play 20 Questions!

  20. Section 2: Physical Properties • Physical properties are great for the game • Physical properties are great for describing matter • Physical properties are traits that can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity

  21. Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. Lead is very dense, so it makes a good sinker for a fishing line Thermal conductivity is the rate at which a substance transfers heat. Plastic foam is a poor conductor State is the physical form of the substance, such as solid, liquid, or gas. Ice is water in the solid state Section 2: Physical Properties Malleability is the ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets. Aluminum can be rolled into sheets to make foil Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. Flavored drink mix dissolves in water. Ductility is the ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire. Copper is often used to make wiring because it is so ductile

  22. Section 2: Physical Properties • Density • Describes the relationship between mass and volume • Density is the amount of matter in a given amount of space, or volume GOLF 46 grams PING PONG 2 grams

  23. Section 2: Physical Properties • Solving for Density (d) • Density can help identify substances DENSITY = MASS VOLUME

  24. Section 2: Physical Properties • Sample problem: What is the density of an object whose mass is 25g and whose volume is 10 cm3? • Step 1: Write the formula DENSITY = MASS VOLUME

  25. Section 2: Physical Properties • Sample problem: What is the density of an object whose mass is 25g and whose volume is 10 cm3? • Step 2: Identify the variables 25 g 10 cm3

  26. Section 2: Physical Properties • Sample problem: What is the density of an object whose mass is 25g and whose volume is 10 cm3? • Step 3: Put numbers in the equation DENSITY= 25 g 10 cm3

  27. Section 2: Physical Properties • Sample problem: What is the density of an object whose mass is 25g and whose volume is 10 cm3? • Step 4: Solve and circle answer DENSITY= 25 g 10 cm3 Density= 2.5 g/cm3 NO NAKED NUMBERS!!

  28. Section 2: Physical Properties • The formula triangle • Cover up the piece you want to solve for • Find the new equation • M = • V = D x V M D

  29. Section 2: Physical Properties • Sample problem: Suppose you have a lead ball whose mass is 454 g. What is the ball’s volume? • Step 1: Write the formula V= M D

  30. Section 2: Physical Properties • Sample problem: Suppose you have a lead ball whose mass is 454 g. What is the ball’s volume? • Step 2: Identify the variables 454 g 11.35 g/cm3

  31. Section 2: Physical Properties • Sample problem: Suppose you have a lead ball whose mass is 454 g. What is the ball’s volume? • Step 3: Put numbers in the equation V= 454 g 11.35 g/cm3

  32. Section 2: Physical Properties • Sample problem: Suppose you have a lead ball whose mass is 454 g. What is the ball’s volume? • Step 4: Solve and circle answer V= 454 g 11.35 g/cm3 NO NAKED NUMBERS!! V= 40 cm 3

  33. Section 2: Physical Properties • Physical Changes do not form new substances • A physicalchange is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substances

  34. Section 2: Physical Properties • Examples of physical changes • Freezing water • Sanding wood • Dissolve sugar in water • Melting butter

  35. Section 2: Physical Properties • Matter and physical changes • Physical changes to not change the identity of the matter involved • Ice is still water • Sawdust is still wood • Melted butter is still butter • Shaped clay is still clay • Cut paper is still paper

  36. Section 2: Physical Properties • Section Review • Please answer the objectives on your objective summary sheet • Identify six examples of physical properties of matter • Describe how density is used to identify substances • Calculate density using a formula • List examples of physical changes • Explain what happens to matter during a physical change

  37. Section 3: Chemical Properties • Objectives • Describe two examples of chemical properties • Explain the importance of characteristic properties • Explain what happens during a chemical change • Distinguish between physical and chemical changes

  38. Section 3: Chemical Properties • Chemical properties • A chemical property describes matter based on its ability to change into new matter that has different properties

  39. Section 3: Chemical Properties • Chemical Properties • Flammability is the ability of a substance to burn • Reactivity is the ability of two or more substances to combine to form one or more new substances

  40. Section 3: Chemical Properties • Physical versus Chemical properties

  41. Section 3: Chemical Properties • Physical versus Chemical properties • How do you tell? • Chemical—substance changes into something new by observing property • Physical—does not change identity by observing property

  42. Section 3: Chemical Properties • Characteristic Properties • Characteristic properties are the properties that are most useful in identifying a substance • Do not change regardless of sample size • Density, solubility, flammability, reactivity • How do I know what is in this beaker????

  43. Section 3: Chemical Properties • Chemical Changes and New Substances • A chemical change is when one or more substances are changed into new substances that have new and different properties • Not the same as a chemical property!

  44. Section 3: Chemical Properties • How do we know a chemical change is occurring? • Change in color or odor

  45. Section 3: Chemical Properties • How do we know a chemical change is occurring? • Formation of a gas (fizzing and foaming)

  46. Section 3: Chemical Properties • How do we know a chemical change is occurring? • Sound or light being given off

  47. Section 3: Chemical Properties Reactivity with Vinegar Gas bubbles are produced when vinegar is poured into baking soda • Physical and Chemical Changes Change in texture Grinding baking soda into a fine, powdery substance is a physical change

  48. Section 3: Chemical Properties • Physical versus Chemical Changes • How do I know which is which? • DID THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CHANGE? • If yes, it’s chemical • If no, it’s physical

  49. Section 3: Chemical Properties • Can changes be reversed? • Sometimes! • Ice  water  ice again REVERSIBLE • Eggfried egg IRREVERSIBLE

  50. Section 3: Chemical Properties • Section Review • Please answer the objectives on your objective summary sheet • Describe two examples of chemical properties • Explain the importance of characteristic properties • Explain what happens during a chemical change • Distinguish between physical and chemical changes

More Related