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Mechanical Systems

Mechanical Systems. Topic 2: Wheel and Axle, Gears, and Pulleys. The Wheel and Axle. Two turning objects attached to each other at their centres. Turning one object turns the other.

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Mechanical Systems

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  1. Mechanical Systems Topic 2: Wheel and Axle, Gears, and Pulleys

  2. The Wheel and Axle • Two turning objects attached to each other at their centres. Turning one object turns the other. • If you turn the larger wheel to move the smaller axle, you decrease the amount of effort you have to use, but you have to move the wheel a larger distance than the axle moves. • Examples of this set includes door knobs and steering wheels.

  3. Wheel and Axles Cont’d • A bicycle wheel has an opposite setup. The rider moves the axle a smaller distance with more effort to move the large wheel a longer distance. • A sprocket is special type of gear train where the gears do not touch but instead are connected by a chain. Examples include the front and back gears in a bike connected by the bicycle chain.

  4. Gears • Gears are special types of wheels and axle machines. Two wheels with teeth are placed besides each other. Moving one moves the other. • A series of gears is called a gear train. The gear that sets the train in motion is called the driver gear. All other gears in the train are called follower gears. • Multiplying Gear – a larger driver gear turning a smaller follower gear allows for a large mechanical advantage and high acceleration (1st gear in a standard transmission) • Reducing Gear – a smaller driver gear turning a larger follower gear allows for a large amount of distance to be covered with each turn of the driver gear (5th gear in a standard transmission).

  5. Speed Ratio • Speed Ratio = Distanceinput÷ Distanceoutput • The more teeth a gear has, the slower it turns in a speed train. Smaller gears with fewer teeth move faster. • Speed ratio is the relationship between the speed of the driver gear and a follower gear. • Speed ratio = # of driver gear teeth # of follower gear teeth

  6. Pulleys • A pulley is made up of an axle and a rope. One end of the rope is attached to the load and the effort force pulls on one end pulling up the load with it. • Pulleys are simple machines which change the direction of the effort force. • There are two types of pulleys: fixed (the axle attached to something that doesn’t move) and movable (the axle is attached to a movable heavy weight)

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