Chapter 20 The U.S. Looks Overseas

1. Chapter 20The U.S. Looks Overseas HOW DID THE U.S. DEMONSTRATE ITS GROWING INTEREST IN THE PACIFIC AND IN LATIN AMERICA

2. Bullet Points p. 699 Read pgs. 678-685

3. Ch 20 Sec 1 • I can understand how the U.S. acquired new territory and expanded trade in the Asia-Pacific region

4. Ch. 20 Sec 1Eyes on the Pacific • Manifest Destiny – U.S. should have borders from Atlantic to Pacific ??? • Why not go further west? • Americans did just that

5. Japan • Mid 1800’s Americans wanted trade with Japan • Japan was a closed country

6. Japan • What they didn’t have was a strong navy • Pres. Millard Fillmore sends Commodore Matthew C. Perry and his fleet – 1553 • Japanese thought they were ready

7. Japan • Perry arrives with ships • Gives Japanese letter from President and leaves Were the Japanese impressed?

9. Japan • Yes they were • 1 year later Perry returns • Japan grants America trading rights • Changes Japan forever

10. Alaska • 1867 – Alaska belonged to Russia • Russia wants American influence, not British • 1869 – Russia sells for $7.2 million (2 cents per acre) • Many in U.S. against sale • Did not know of riches

12. U.S. Expansion • America was isolationist (avoid other countries) • Europeans were imperialists (empire building) • Late 1800’s, U.S. wanted territories

13. Turner Thesis • Western frontier has been conquered • No more expansion • Was he ever wrong!!!

14. Economic Growth • U.S. has powerful economy • U.S. did not want 1. To be denied raw materials 2. To be denied global market

15. Economic Growth • Key is a strong navy • Control the seas – (Alfred T. Mahan)

16. From this

17. To this

18. To This

19. Other Reasons for Expansion • Protect overseas trade • Spread American values

20. Samoa • U.S. Navy and American shipping companies needed a refueling stop in Pacific • Germany and Britain also wanted the same • Almost went to war • 1899, Germany and U.S. divided control

22. Hawaii • After 1820, American sugar planters set up plantations • Planters gained power and forced king to give them power in government • When king died, Queen tried to limit power

23. Hawaii • With help of U.S. Marines, planters seized control of Islands (1893) • Congress annexed Hawaii in 1898

24. China • Late 1800’s, war weakens China • European powers & Japan try to divide up China

25. China • U.S. fears exclusion • U.S. wants, “Open Door” policy WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? • The right of all nations to trade with China

26. China – Boxer Rebellion • Chinese object – form secret group • This group – The Boxers – attacked foreigners • Chinese gov’t. helped

27. China • U.S. and other countries send 18,000 troops • Defeat Boxers, kill Chinese and loot Beijing

28. China • U.S. insists on Open Door policy • Insists China not be carved up • China survived but with foreign influence

29. Bullet points p. 699 Read pgs. 688 - 692

30. Ch 20 Sec 2The Spanish – American War • I can understand the causes and effects of the Spanish – American War

31. Cuba • 90 miles south of Florida • Controlled by Spain since 1492 • Cubans revolt 1868

32. Cuba • First revolt failed • 2nd revolt, 1895 • People put in reconcentration camps • 200,000 die

34. José Martí • Cuban poet • Inspired Cubans from exile in U.S. • Got to Cuba but killed

35. American Reaction • Americans sympathetic • Want to oust Spanish • Protect American investments in Cuba 50 mil. Rice, sugar, RR’s, iron mines • Presidents Cleveland and McKinley said NO intervention

36. U.S. Press • U.S. Newspapers urged intervention • William R. Hearst of New York Journal one of the worst

37. Remember the Maine • 1898 – Fighting in the streets of Havana, Cuba • President McKinley sent U.S. Battleship Maine to Cuba to protect American interests

38. Remember the Maine • With this big battleship in the harbor, what could possibly go wrong at 9:40 PM on Feb. 15, 1898?

39. Remember the MaineTo Hell with Spain • Press and public blame Spanish • Cause of the explosion still unknown Spanish Naval mine Sunk by Navy to provoke war Fire in coal bunker

40. WAR!! WAR!! WAR!! • Asst. Secretary of Navy T. Roosevelt thinks Congress will declare war • Sent Adm. Dewey to Spanish held Philippine Islands

41. WAR!! WAR!! WAR!! • April 20, 1898, Congress declares war on Spain • May 1, 1898, Dewey attacks Spanish fleet in Philippines. • Sinks entire squadron • No American losses

42. War in Cuba • TR (who is that?????) • Gave up his job as Asst. Sec. of the Navy • Formed Cavalry group, the Rough Riders • Poorly trained, poorly equipped

43. Rough Riders • July 1, 1898 • TR leads men up San Juan Hill in Santiago Cuba • Black, white, it didn’t matter

47. White regiments, black regiments . . . Fought shoulder to shoulder, unmindful of race or color . . . And mindful only of their common duty as Americans. First Lt. John J. Pershing

49. An American Empire • Dec. 1898 – Spain surrenders • Cuba independent • Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam and Wake Islands to U.S. • U.S. pays $20 million