Lecture Exam #1

1. Lecture Exam #1 Bi 10, September 27, 2013

2. Agenda • Administrative Stuff • Rules + Format • Multiple Choice Section • One-Word Answer Section • Free Response Section • Wrap-up

3. Rules and Format • Closed book, no collaboration • No talking or phone use – talking/phone use/cheating is grounds for a zero grade • Raise a hand and ask if you need clarification • Answers will be on index cards. At the end of the test, put your cards in your envelope, seal it, and write your nameon it.

4. Card Format • Write your name on your first index card and number it from 1 to 20. You will be putting letters next to each number. • Example: 1. A 2. B and C 3. C etc.

5. Question 1 Which of the following is/are shared by all living organisms? Choose all that apply. • Mitochondria • Cell walls • The electron transport chain • Cell membranes • DNA

6. Question 2 During glycolysis, which of the following does not occur? A six-carbon sugar is broken into two three-carbon pieces. ATP is converted into ADP. Oxygen and hydrogen are converted into water. ADP is converted into ATP. NAD+ is converted into NADH.

7. Question 3 Which of the following is NOT a step of the scientific method? (Choose one:) • Observation • Question • Hypothesis • Deduction • Experiment

8. Question 4 How many valence electrons does oxygen have? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9. Question 5 Most of the dry mass of this cactus plant comes from… (choose only one) Energy from the sun Gas from the air Minerals from the soil Organic nutrients from the soil

10. Question 6 Artificial respiration can be used to help a patient’s cells get more oxygen. Would this cure victims of cyanide poisoning? Why or why not? • Yes, because extra oxygen would let their cells perform aerobic respiration normally. • Yes, because cyanide paralyzes the diaphragm. • C) No, because cyanide prevents the electron transport chain from giving electrons to oxygen. • D) No, because cyanide only blocks glycolysis, which doesn’t need oxygen to harvest energy.

11. Question 7 Cells in mushrooms are often dikaryotic. Based on the parts that make up this vocab word, a dikaryoticcell must have… • No nucleus • One nucleus • No mitochondria • Two mitochondria • Two nuclei

12. Question 8 Which of the following elements are found in DNA? Choose ALL THAT APPLY. • Oxygen • Sulfur • Carbon • Phosphorus • Calcium • Hydrogen

13. Question 9 Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? • To lower activation energy in chemical reactions • To provide structural support • To drive muscle contraction • To code for RNA in the nucleus • To store amino acids for future use

14. Question 10 An alpha helix of protein is shown at right. Which of the following statements is false? (Choose only one.) This helix is an example of tertiary protein structure. This kind of helix is found in the proteins that make up hair. Covalent peptide bonds hold together the monomers of the helix. Hydrogen bonds give this helix its shape.

15. Question 11 Which of the following statements about the ovarian cycle is false? Choose one: Birth control pills can stop menstruation by preventing a drop in progesterone. Estrogen and progesterone, hormones that control the ovarian cycles, are lipid steroid hormones. Pre-menopausal women usually release one egg each month if not on birth control. The breakdown of the lining of the uterus is triggered by an increase in estrogen.

16. Question 12 An enzyme can help make a chemical reaction possible. Energy can be destroyed by enzymes. Lipids convert reactants into products. What does this diagram show? (Choose one) D) Carbohydrates are low in energy.

17. Question 13 Cellulasesare enzymes found in wood-digesting organisms. Based on what you know, which of the following statements about cellulases is false? (Choose only one:) Cellulases lower the activation energy needed to break down cellulose. The productsof digestion using cellulases are sugars. Cellulases are responsible for the dehydration of cellulose. Cellulases help hydrolysisof a polymer occur.

18. Question 14 One row of the following table contains a mistake. Which row is it – A, B, C, or D?

19. Question 15 Consider this diagram of the phospholipidbilayer. Are the regions labeled X and Y hydrophilic or hydrophobic? X is hydrophilic; Y is hydrophobic. X and Y are both hydrophilic. X is hydrophobic; Y is hydrophilic. D) X and Y are both hydrophobic. X Y X

20. Question 16 The pesticide called “1080” (shown below) stops the citric acid cycle. Which of the following might plausibly happen to cells poisoned with 1080? (Choose one.) They produce more ATP, more NADH, and more CO2. They produce less ATP, less NADH, and less CO2. They produce less ATP, more NADH, and less CO2. They produce less ATP, less NADH, and more CO2.

21. Question 17 Which of the following is statements about eukaryotic cells is true? Choose only one. All eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis. A eukaryotic cell is like a simple “bag” of fluid, with no other membranes inside of it. Organizing the functions of a cell into organelles makes chemical reactions more efficient. Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Bacteria are eukaryotic cells.

22. Question 18 Which of the statements below correctly describe this diagram from your text? Choose all that apply. Sodium is being oxidized. Sodium is being reduced. Chlorine is being oxidized. Chlorine is being reduced.

23. Question 19 Which of the following is true of fast twitch muscle fibers? (Choose only one.) They are mostly used in extended endurance sports, such as long-distance running or swimming. They contain more blood vessels than slow twitch muscle. They need more oxygen than slow twitch muscle. They perform lactic acid fermentation. They perform alcohol (ethanol) fermentation.

24. Question 20 Which of the following statements about energy and/or entropy is false? Entropy always increases over time; energy is converted from more useful forms to less useful (organized) forms. Energy can be created by eating food. Burning a gram of sugar releases more chemical energy than burning a gram of TNT. Chemical energy can be considered a form of potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

25. Answer in one word. Question 21 Where in our cells does the electron transport chain occur?

26. Answer in one or two words. Question 22 Is lactose a carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid, or protein? Choose one.

27. Answer in one word. Question 23 What do you call a substance that prevents a solution’s pH from rising or falling easily?

28. Answer in one word. Question 24 Name an example of a eukaryotic organism.

29. Answer in one or two words. Question 25 Are triglycerides a kind of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, or nucleic acid? Choose one.

30. Answer in one word. Question 26 Are triglycerides a kind of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, or nucleic acid? Choose one.

31. Answer in one word. Question 27 What ion does pH measure the concentration of?

32. Free Response 1 Name five different structures found in eukaryotic cells and tell me their functions. Be specific!

33. Free Response 2 Draw an electron shell diagram for Chlorine (Cl).

34. Free Response 3 Draw a clearly labeled diagram illustrating the electron transport chain. Be sure to show all of the following: • Transfer of electrons, including • Where the electrons come from • Where the electrons end up • The movement of H+ • Where ATP is made • Any relevant membranes