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EARTHQUAKE

EARTHQUAKE. What is a «Disaster»?. An event that happens suddenly or evolve s through a specific process, An event that brings physical, economical and social losses for people, An event that stops normal life and stops or cuts off human activity,

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EARTHQUAKE

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  1. EARTHQUAKE

  2. What is a «Disaster»? • An event that happens suddenly or evolves through a specific process, • An event that brings physical, economical and social losses for people, • An event that stops normal life and stops or cuts off human activity, • That is caused by nature, technology or humans • is called a Disaster.

  3. Types of Disasters and Their Impact • NATURAL: • –Earthquakes, Tsunami • –Floods • –Landslides • –VolcanicEruptions • –Storms • –Drought • –Avalanche • –Fire • HUMAN INFLICTED: • –Technological • –Teror • –War • –Fire

  4. If and WhenYou See a Fire: • If the fire is small, put it out immediately. • Pull the Fire Alarm – «YangınAlarmı». Call out “THERE IS FIRE - YANGIN VAR!” and warn others. Call the Fire Department - «İTFAİYE» at 110.. • Close the door of the room in which the fire started and close all the doors between you and the fire. • GO OUT IMMEDIATELY!

  5. An Earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in theEarth’s crust, due to breaking of the Crust, that createsseismicwavesthatcausetheareastheypassthroughtojoltandshake. The small earthquakes that happen after big earthquakes and that continue for a while are called “AFTER SHOCKS”. Sometimes before big earthquakes small tremors may happen. These small tremors are called “FORESHOCKS.

  6. ACCORDING TO SOURCE/ROOT: 1-Tectonic Earthquakes:Earthquakes due to the movement of tectonic plates. Most of the earthquakes that take place in Turkey are tectonic earthquakes. 2- Volcanic Earthquakes: Earthquakes that take place during volcanic eruptions. 3- Collapsing Earthquakes: Earthquakes that take place due to the collapsing of spaces/cavities under the surface of the crust of the Earth. 4- Earthquakes caused by people. TYPES OF EARTHQUAKES

  7. ACCORDING TO DEPTH: 1- Shallow Earthquakes: 0-70 km 2-Mid-Depth Earthquakes:70-300 km 3-Deep Focused Earthquakes:300-700 km ACCORDING TO DISTANCE: 1-Local Earthquakes: Less than 100 km 2- Close Earthquakes: : Between 100 km-1000 km 3-Regional Earthquakes:Between 1000 km-5000km 4- Distant/Far Earthquakes: : More than 5000 km

  8. ACCORDING TO MAGNITUDE: 1-Small Earthquakes: 0.1 < M < 4.0 2- Mid-size Earthquakes : 4.0 < M < 6.5 3- Big Earthquakes : 6.5 > M > 8.0 4-Very BigEarthquakes : 8.0 > M (M:MAGNITUTE (TR: MANYİTÜD) = The measurement unit of the amount of energy released during and earthquake.)

  9. «Tsunami»s are waves that are formed after earthquakes that happen in deep seas which have a focal point in the ocean floor, that reach the sea shores and cause great damage.

  10. Earthquake Waves and Seismograph The energy that is released during an earthquakes spreads with waves called «seismic waves» which are similar to sound or water waves. These are: "longitudinal waves", "transverse waves" and "surface waves". Longitudinal waves are called "P Waves " (primary). P waves cause particles to move in the same direction as the propagation of the waves.

  11. Transverse waves called "S Wave"(secondary), cause particles to move in a perpendicular manner to its propagation direction. S waves that cannot propagate in liquids slow down the speed of P waves. S waves cause the damage in buildings. Longitudinal and Transverse Waves are also called "Mass/Material Waves". From the reflections of S waves (Transverse Waves) to Earth’s surface, surface waves, (Love and Rayleigh waves), are formed. Earthquakes are recorded by an equipment called a "seismograph".

  12. P Waves (Longitudinal Wave) S Waves (Transverse Wave) Love ve Rayleigh dalgaları

  13. Seismograph

  14. Fethiyeis an important settlement in Muğla and it is transition area between the Aegean and Mediterranean Regions. Fethiye is in the first degree seismic zone of Turkey. In the past important/big earthquakes took place in Fethiye.

  15. MAP OF EARTHQUAKE ZONES OF TURKEY

  16. A View from The Fethiye Earthquake in 1957

  17. VIEWS FROM EARTHQUAKES IN TURKEY

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