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VPNs & Specialized Network Services. Virtual private networks Lowering the cost of enterprise links & enabling remote access Frame relay as a replacement for private lines T-1/E-1 the first high speed service; ISDN - caller ID & video conferencing
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VPNs & Specialized Network Services • Virtual private networks • Lowering the cost of enterprise links & enabling remote access • Frame relay as a replacement for private lines • T-1/E-1 the first high speed service; • ISDN - caller ID & video conferencing • Gigabit Ethernet in carrier & enterprise metropolitan networks
VPNs & Specialized Network Services continued • ATM compared to IP • SONET • In the backbone • In the metropolitan area • Compared to gigabit ethernet
virtual private networks Virtual: from the Latin excellence; Essence though not in fact actual
IPSec virtual private network for remote access • What are the advantages of VPNs? • Why are they important? • How can they be made secure?
Multipoint private lines with hub and spoke for small locations • Why use private lines rather than a virtual private network?
Mesh; hub & spoke combo Any-to-any mesh design in a VPN; hub and spoke (star) to headquarters forInternet access.
Local and interexchange channels of a private line • Billing, repair & installation ramifications
Integrated access device for T-1s carrying voice and data • Small & medium companies • Implication of competition
T-1 Mux T-1 Mux T-1 and E-1 • 1.544 or 2.048 Megabits per second • Bell Standard • IT Standard • Applications 24 or 30 channels 24 or 30 channels Fiber, copper or wireless media
Internet 28 T-1s = a T-3 Circuit Boston ISP T-1 T-3 T-1 Dallas Fiber or Wireless London
Primary rate interface ISDN PRI ISDN carrying the caller’s billed telephone number automatic number identification (ANI). The ANI is often the same as the customer’s telephone number.
DSLAMs in digital loop carriers (remote terminals)
Digital subscriber line service • No need for fiber to the home or business • A response to cable providers • Use of same copper already deployed • Strategic implications of RBOC & cable offerings data voice downstream upstream
Figure 5.14Neighborhood mini remote access multiplexers (MiniRAMs).
Gigabit Ethernet fiber-optic cabling and metropolitan fiber rings
Parallel streams in an ATM circuit • Fixed size cells • Quality of service • Asynchronous switching • In the frame relay backbone
SONET rings in the backbone bidirectional duplicate rings in a carrier’s backbone network- The fiber glut & pricing- SONET in the enterprise
Summary • What are the major trends in high-speed networking • Why are carriers, residential consumers and enterprises demanding higher-speed services • Which technologies will supply the required capacity and speeds? • Contrast & compare: ISDN, T-1, T-3, Gig-E, SONET & ATM