Microcontroller based system design

1. Microcontroller based system design Asst. Prof. Dr. Alper ŞİŞMAN

2. ADC Features • 3 ADCs : ADC1 (master), ADC2 and ADC3 (slaves) • Maximum frequency of the ADC analog clock is 36MHz. • 12-bits, 10-bits, 8-bits or 6-bits configurable resolution. • ADC conversion rate with 12 bit resolution is up to: • 2.4 M.sample/s in single ADC mode, • 4.5 M.sample/s in dual interleaved ADC mode, • 7.2 M.sample/s in triple interleaved ADC mode. • Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V. • ADC supply requirement: VDDA = 2.4V to 3.6V at full speed and down to 1.65V at lower speed. • Up to 24 external channels. • 3 ADC1 internal channels connected to: • Temperature sensor, • Internal voltage reference : VREFINT (1.2V typ), • VBAT for internal battery monitoring.

3. External trigger option for both regular and injected conversion. • Single and continuous conversion modes. • Scan mode for automatic conversion of channel 0 to channel ‘n’. • Left or right data alignment with in-built data coherency. • Channel by channel programmable sampling time. • Discontinuous mode. • Dual/Triple mode (with ADC1 and ADC2 or all 3 ADCs). • DMA capability • Analog Watchdog on high and low thresholds. • Interrupt generation on: End of Conversion &End of Injected conversion • Analog watchdog • Overrun

4. ADC Speed

5. Conversion Time • ADCCLK, up to 36MHz, taken from PCLK through a prescaler (Div2, Div4, Div6 and Div8). • Programmable sample time for each channel (from 4 to 480 clock cycles) • Total conversion Time = TSampling + Tconversion • With Sample time= 3 cycles @ ADC_CLK = 36MHz  total conversion time is :

6. Analog Watchdog • 12-bit programmable analog watchdog low and high thresholds • Enabled on one or all converted channels: one regular or/and injected channel, all injected or/and regular channels. • Interrupt generation on low or high thresholds detection

7. ADC Modes Single Channel, single conversion Mode: • This is the simplest ADC mode. In this mode, the ADC performs the single conversion (single sample) of a single channel x and stops after completion of the conversion. • This mode can be used for the measurement of a voltage level to decide if the system can be started or not. Measure the voltage level of the battery before starting the system: if the battery has a low level, the “low battery” message appears. In this case, do not start the system.

8. MultiChannel (Scan), single conversion Mode: • This mode is used to convert some channels successively in independent mode. With the ADC sequencer, you can use this ADC mode to configure any sequence of up to 16 channels successively with different sampling times and in different orders. You can for example carry out the sequence shown in the following Figure. In this way, you do not have to stop the ADC during the conversion process in order to reconfigure the next channel with a different sampling time. This mode saves additional CPU load and heavy software development.

9. This mode can be used to make single measurements of multiple signal levels (voltage, pressure, temperature, etc.) to decide if the system can be started or not in order to protect the people and equipment. • It can likewise be used to convert signals coming from strain gauges to determine the directions and values of the different strains and deformations of an object.

10. Single Channel Continuous Conversion Mode: The single-channel continuous conversion mode converts a single channel continuously and indefinitely in regular channel conversion. The ADC converts the channels continuously without any intervention from the CPU. Additionally, the DMA can be used in circular mode, thus reducing the CPU load. • Regulation of an oven temperature, etc.Inthe case of the oven temperature regulation, the temperature is read and compared to the temperature set by the user.

11. Multichannel Continious conversion mode The multichannel, or scan, continuous mode can be used to convert some channels successively with the ADC in independent mode. With the sequencer, you can configure any sequence of up to 16 channels successively with different sampling times and different orders.

12. İnjected Conversion Mode: This mode is intended for use when conversion is triggered by an external event or by software. The injected group has priority over the regular channel group. It interrupts the conversion of the current channel in the regular channel group.

13. ADC Dual Mode • ADCs: ADC1 master and ADC2 slave, ADC3 is independently. • The start of conversion is triggered alternately or simultaneously by the ADC1 master to the ADC2 slave depending on the mode selected. • 6 ADC dual modes

14. Dual Simultaneous Mode • The dual regular simultaneous ADC mode is used to perform two conversions simultaneously owing to the synchronization of ADC1 and ADC2. • Each ADC converts a channel sequence (with scan enabled and the sequencer of each ADC configured) or converts a single channel (scan disabled). The conversion can be started with an external trigger or by software. In this mode, the conversion results of ADC1 and ADC2 are stored in ADC1’s data register (32-bit format) • The dual regular simultaneous mode can be used in applications where two signals should be sampled and converted at the same time

15. Dual Interleaved Mode

16. ADC Triple Mode • ADCs: ADC1 master, ADC2 and ADC3 slaves. • The start of conversion is triggered alternately or simultaneously by the ADC1 master to the ADC2 and ADC3 slaves depending on the mode selected. • 6 ADC Triple modes.