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The Subjunctives

The Subjunctives. So far we met 2 tenses of the subjunctive: IMPERFECT SUBJ. e.g. amare m amare s amare t amare mus amare tis amare nt infinitive + ending!. PLUPERFECT SUBJ. e.g. amav issem amav isses

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The Subjunctives

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  1. The Subjunctives

  2. So far we met 2 tenses of the subjunctive: • IMPERFECT SUBJ. e.g. amarem amares amaret amaremus amaretis amarent infinitive + ending!

  3. PLUPERFECT SUBJ. e.g. amavissem amavisses amavisset amavissemus amavissetis amavissent

  4. The Uses of the Subjunctive • CUM – sentences: cum:„when“ e.g. cum rem confecissent, abierunt. When they had finished the job, they went away.

  5. 2. indirect questions: e.g. cognoscere voluimus, cur multitudo convenisset. We wanted to know, why the crowd had gathered. equites feminas rogaverunt, num fugitivos conspexissent. The horsemen asked the women, if/whether they had seen the fugitives.

  6. 3. purpose clauses / UT - sentences ut: „in order to“, „in order that“ e.g. pugionem rapui, ut magistrum interficerem. I stole a dagger in order to kill the teacher.

  7. 4. result clauses / UT - sentences ut: „(so) that“ e.g. tam diligenter carcerem custodivi ut legatus me laudaret. I guarded the prison so carefully that the officer praised me.

  8. mixed uses of the subjunctive • mercator tot statuas habuit ut eas numerare non posset. • Salvius milites emisit ut Quintum inveniret. • Cum Salvius Quintum invenisset, eum interficere studebat. • libertus, cum venenum bibisset, mortuus procubuit.

  9. mixed uses of the subjunctive 5. amicus me invitavit ut secum diem natalem celebrarem. 6. Agricola tam iratus erat ut dormire non posset. 7.Cogidubnus deam Sulam oravit ut morbum sanaret. 8. Salvius Agricolae persuasit ut Cogidubus hostis Romanorum esset.

  10. mixed uses of the subjunctive 9. adeo attonitus eram, ut diu immotus starem. 10. ingens multitudo ad forum convenit, ut pompam magnificam spectarent. 11. Cum Romani castra hostium occupavissent, omnes viros feminasque interfecerunt aut in servitutem abduxerunt.

  11. Distinguish between Pluperfect & Imperfect • irrupissent • interrogarent • intellexissemus • inesset • inspexissem • iter fecisses • hausisset • incidissemus

  12. Distinguish between Pluperfect & Imperfect • inectus esset • impulsus esset • bellum gererent • habitaretis • tulissemus • lata esset • exstingueretis • dilexissem

  13. Distinguish between Pluperfect & Imperfect • diripuissent • doceres • dormirem • erravissemus • demonstravissetis • crederes • cucurissent

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