Lever

1. Real Life Simple Machines/Review Wedge Lever A wedge is an object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge, which cuts material apart. A lever is a stiff bar that rests on a support called a fulcrum which lifts or moves loads. Pulley- (In The Blinds) A lever is a stiff bar that rests on a support called a fulcrum which lifts or moves loads. Screw A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a pole which holds things together or lifts materials. Inclined Planes Wheel and Axel A wheel with a rod, called an axle, through its center lifts or moves loads. An inclined plane is a slanting surface connecting a lower level to a higher level

2. Summit Hill ElementaryArt EDventures “Master of Machines” 4th Grade – Simple Machines Leonardo da Vinci Brought to you by S.H.E. PTA PLEASE NOTE: This presentation is to be used for educational purposes only. Do not reproduce.

3. Meet Leonardo da Vinci In 1492, Leonardo was born at 10:30 pm on a Saturday in a tiny village near the town of Vinci, in Tuscany, Italy. At the age of eight, his family moved to Florence, a major intellectual and artistic center, where Leonardo received the best education available. In his free time, he drew pictures of plants, insects and flowers –things he saw in the countryside near his home. That’s over 500 years ago! 1452-1519 “Leonardo da Vinci was like a man who awoke too early on the darkness, while the others were all still asleep”

4. Little Leonardo • When he was 14, he apprenticed as a garzone(studio boy) for Verrocchio, the renown Italian painter and sculptor. • Leonardo used what he learned about nature to make his paintings look realistic. • He designed these angel’s wings from things he had observed about birds. (hit enter) The Annunciation Leonardo wing sketch

5. Success In Steps • At the age of 20, Leonardo helped Verrocchio, his teacher, finish this painting by creating the angel. • People in Florence thought Leonardo’s angel was the best part of the picture because it looked like a living angel. (hit enter/long pause) • Soon after, he gained commissions and began to paint on his own. Baptism of Christ - Verrocchio Leonardo’s angel

6. Leonardo’s Horse • One of those commissions came from the Duke of Milan in Italy. In 1492, he hired Leonardo to create a bronze horse. • Because he was also a scientist, Leonardo studied, measured and drew horses until he knew all the muscles and bones. • Ten years later, he had collected 58,000 pounds of tin and copper --for the bronze cast and had completed a 24 ft. high clay model. (hit enter) • However, the Duke took all of Leonardo’s metal to make a cannon for his army. • A year later, French invaders used Leonardo’s clay horse as a target, shooting arrows into it. Soon after, rains melted it into a big pile of mud. That’s two stories high! Leonardo Horse Sketches

7. Mona Mystery Remember to Draw the Paw! • Not all of Leonardo’s work disappeared. (hit enter) • This is Leonardo’s most famous painting. It is called the Mona Lisa and it shows his vision of ideal beauty. • Unlike the richly ornamented women painted by other artists, she wears no jewelry and only a simple black dress and veil. • Nobody knows her identity or the meaning of her smile. In fact, no matter where you stand, the Mona Lisa always seems to be staring at you! • Leonardo painted only a few pictures after the Mona Lisa. He was more interested in working on his inventions and experiments. (Hit enter) Do you recognize this painting? Mona Lisa

8. Codex Collection • Leonardo had brilliant ideas about inventions, paintings, nature and anatomy. He kept a private journal where he sketched and noted these ideas on loose sheets of paper. • He used a mysterious kind of right-to-left writing which could only be read with a mirror. • After Leonardo died, his friend Francesco Melzi, organized his pages into books. • Today, only ten of them remain and are called the Codex collection. • Without them, the world would never know that he was a great scientist, engineer and inventor as well as a talented artist. Codex Leicester Actual page from a Codex

9. Mirror Writing • How many of you are “lefties” or “south paws”? • You’re in really good company with Leonardo da Vinci! Being a lefty was unusual in Leonardo’s time. People were superstitious and forced “lefties” to write and draw with their right hands. (hit enter) odranoeL Leonardo What were his reasons for using mirror writing? • Was he hiding his scientific ideas from the people who disagreed with him? • Did he want to make it hard for people to steal his ideas? • Did he write right -to -left so the ink wouldn’t smear since he was left-handed? What do you think were his reasons?

10. What Are His Inventions? Inclined plane WATER LIFT LANDING GEAR MACHINE GUN THREAD CUTTER CROSSBOW CATAPAULT Screw Inclined plane Pulley & Lever Wedge Wheel & Axel Try to match Leonardo’s invention to the sketch. (Hit enter for each answer.)

11. While most of Leonardo da Vinci's inventions were not built during his lifetime, models of many of them have been constructed with the support of IBM and are on display at the Leonardo da Vinci Museum at the Chateau du Clos Luce in Amboise So Much To Do…. • Just think, Leonardo lived during a time when there was no electricty for Wii’s! There were no cell phones, microwaves, cars or computers either! • Yet he dreamed of new machines for a new world. He even used the scientific method before it was developed! • WOW! Look at what he dreamed up: • (hit enter for tank date) • (hit enter for next slide) • (hit enter for final slide) 1783 – First successful parachute jump Leonardo dreamed of retractable landing gear! Leonardo dreamed of tanks! 1907- First helicopter that could carry a person Leonardo dreamed of the parachute! The first tanks were use in WWI (1916) 1933 – First retractable landing gear Good illustrators were a dime a dozen in Renaissance Italy, but Leonardo had the brains and the diligence to break new ground, usually leaving his contemporaries in the dust. Like many crackpot geniuses, Leonardo wanted to create "new machines" for a "new world."

12. Sooo Little Time! Leonardo sketched several different designs for flying machines. In an experiment, he even attached wings to a lizard to see if could fly. But he didn’t stop there… he dreamed of submarines, calculators, cameras, solar power, helicopters, scuba gear and more! Amazingly, none of his machines were built during his lifetime! However, many models have been created based on his sketches in his Codex Atlanticus and they actually work! (hit enter) Arrivederci! Model of da Vinci’s Flying Machine 1907- First helicopter that could carry a person

13. Art EDventures Sample Inventing and Invention! Mirror Writing Explore More Underwater The “Puffer Motor” is inspired by puffer fish. It’s shaped like them when they are scared. It also works like how puffers breath. It takes oxygen out of the water like gills, and uses it to power a motor that helps divers move quickly in deep waters. (It uses an inclined plane as the propeller.) “Puffer Motor” An Amazing Way To Fly The “Dragon Plane” is inspired by dragons. The pilots sit in the head to fly and first class passengers sit in the back in the tail (not in the front like planes today.) It also glows at night using the same chemical stuff that makes algae glow in the oceans (bioluminescence.) (It uses an inclined plane as the ramp for people to get on and off.) “Dragon Plane”

14. Project Art EDventures(Important-read the speaker notes!) Think Like Leonardo • Invent a new way to travel or some other gadget that solves a problem. • Leonardo took many ideas from nature. Think of an animal, insect or something from the environment that you could combine with a simple machine to invent a new mode of transportation: levers pulleys inclined planes screw wedge wheel • For example, one student invented a submarine that had a mechanical fin like a whale’s tail. The door to the sub was opened with a pulley system. • Another student invented bubble travel where the bubbles were launched using a catapult/pulley system. • Sketch your invention on the sheet of paper provided-press firmly. Go over your lines and make them dark! Write Like Leonardo • Try signing your name like Leonardo would have – in mirror writing, right-to-left. Place the mirror on one side of your paper and watch your writing in the mirror, instead of on the paper. Don’t forget to DRAW THE PAW so others will know this is an Art EDventures creation. Look Like Leonardo • Age your invention to make it look like it came straight out of his 1490’s studio! First crumple your paper, and flatten it back out a couple of times. • Then make special solution using 5 tsp.s of brown “aging powder” and 3/4 cup of water. • Then pour the “aging solution” into a shallow pan. Now dip your art like you are developing a photograph. • If it is not dark enough take just a few crystals and wipe them around on your piece of paper to “age it” even further. • Let it dry on a dry on newspaper or hang it on the outdoor Art ED dry line.

15. Supply List • Wet/Dry Media Paper- cut to approx. 9 x 12. (One per student.) • Pencils-If possible, pre-sharpened with eraser tops. (One per student.) • Basin-(One per table.) • Measuring Spoons- One teaspoon per table is fine for the kids to pass around. Each child at a table should measure one level teaspoon of secret “aging solution” and place it into the basin. • Measuring Cup-One see through plastic measuring cup per table. One child at the table will fill it with ¾ cup of water to create the “aging solution.” • Spoons-One per table to mix the crystals and water to create the “aging solution.” • Newspapers- to cover the tables or let art dry. • Clothes Pins-if the sketches are to be hung on the outdoor dry line. Note: The Discovery Lab has simple machine models that shoule be set out for this lesson. They are kept in either the 4th Grade box marked “simple machines” or 2nd grade “pushes and pulls.”

16. G.P.S. Standards • S4P3 Students will demonstrate the relationship between the application of a force and the resulting change in position and motion on an object.*a. Identify simple machines and explain their uses (lever, pulley, wedge, inclined plane, screw, wheel and axle).b. Using different size objects, observe how force affects speed and motion.c. Explain what happens to the speed or direction of an object when a greater force than the initial one is applied.d. Demonstrate the effect of gravitational force on the motion of an object.Teacher note: The use of mathematical formulas is not recommended in S4P3. Fourth grade students should carry out investigations to provide a foundation of concrete experience for the abstract understandings of physical science in upper grades. • S4CS3 Students will use tools and instruments for observing, measuring, and manipulating objects in scientific activities utilizing safe laboratory procedures.a. Choose appropriate common materials for making simple mechanical constructions and repairing things.b. Measure and mix dry and liquid materials in prescribed amounts, exercising reasonable safety.c. Use computers, cameras and recording devices for capturing information.d. Identify and practice accepted safety procedures in manipulating science materials and equipment.

17. Art EDventuresMade possible with your donations to S.H.E.’s PTA Art EDventuresMade possible with your donations to S.H.E.’s PTA • Dear Mom, Dad or Caretaker, • I took an Art EDventure today and learned about Leonardo da Vinci! Did you know that he didn’t paint very much after he created the Mona Lisa? He spent a lot of time sketching ideas for new inventions instead. We aslo looked at his art to see how he used simple machines like the screw, pulley, wheel, inclined plane and lever. • He was a genius! Many of his inventions like the helicopter, parachute and even scuba gear weren’t made until nearly 500 years after he died. • Ask me about my Leonardo inspired invention sketch. After I sketched it, we made a special aging solution that made it look like it came straight from his studio in 1490! Lastly, I tried to sign my sketch using mirror writing-just like Leonardo! • Leonardo da Vinci His Helicopter • Dear Mom, Dad or Caretaker, • I took an Art EDventure today and learned about Leonardo da Vinci! Do you know that he didn’t paint very much after he created the Mona Lisa? He spent a lot of time sketching ideas for new inventions instead. We also looked at his art to see how he used simple machines like the screw, pulley, wheel, inclined plane and lever. • He was a genius! Many of his inventions like the helicopter, parachute and even scuba gear weren’t made until nearly 500 years after he died. • Ask me about my Leonardo inspired invention sketch. After I sketched it, we made a special aging solution that made it look like it came straight from his studio in 1490! Lastly, I tried to sign my sketch using mirror writing-just like Leonardo! • Leonardo da Vinci His Helicopter