Prepared by: Anthony Thomas Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University

1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Solid State Relays Prepared by: Anthony Thomas Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E: anthony.thomas@aggiemail.usu.edu; T: (435)787-8723; 3/7/2010

2. Outline • Reference list • To probe further • Major applications • Basic working principle illustrated • A typical sample configuration in application (application notes) • Major specifications • Limitations • And many more relevant issues in applications (such as, how to choose, cost information, where to buy etc.) ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

3. Reference list • Vishay Semiconductor (Manufacturer) • http://www.vishay.com/solid-state-relays/app-gen-list/ • Crydom (Manufacturer) • http://www.crydom.com/en/index.shtml • Panasonic (Manufacturer) • http://pewa.panasonic.com/ • Digikey (For datasheets) • http://www.digikey.com ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

4. Reference list • National Instruments • http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/4125 • Wikipedia • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_state_relay ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

5. To explore further (survival pointers of web references etc) • Solid State Relay Selector Guide • http://www.vishay.com/docs/49538/sg0027.pdf • The Vishay Website has many resources on SSRs ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

6. Major applications • Telecommunication • Ring relay, talk/data switching • Industrial control • Motor, light, heat/air conditioning, solinoid • Security • Alarm switching, smoke/burglar alarms • Instrumentation • Sensor switching ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

7. Basic working principle illustrated • Sharp S116S01/S216S01 Series • DC control,AC load relay • Opto-isolated • Uses dual triacs ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

8. Basic working principle Cont. • Clare CPC1218 • DC control,AC/DC load • Opto-isolated • Dual CMOS ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

9. Sample configuration in application • Application notes from Vishay ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

10. Sample configuration in Cont. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

11. Major specifications • Type of circuit • SPST, DPST, DPDT, etc. • Number of lines • Output type • AC, DC, AC/DC • AC tends to use triacs • DC and mixed tend to use MOSFETs SPST SPDT DPDT ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

12. Major specifications Cont. • On-state resistance • Amount of resistance when conducting • Load Current • Amount of current the relay is capable of conducting in the on state • Load Voltage • Maximum load before breakdown • Input Voltage • Voltage used to turn on the relay ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

13. Major specifications Cont. • Mounting Type • Chassis mount, DIN Rail, Socket, Surface Mount, Through hole • Termination Style • Gull Wing, PC pin, Quick Connect, Screw terminal ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

14. Advantages over mechanical relays • faster relays; switching time is dependent on the time needed to power the LED on and off, on the order of microseconds to milliseconds • Increased lifetime: no moving parts, and thus no wear • Clean, bounceless operation Source: Wikipedia ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

15. Advantages Cont. • Decreased electrical noise when switching • Can be used in explosive environments where a spark must not be generated during turn-on • Totally silent operation • Smaller than a corresponding mechanical relay. • Can continue to operate while subjected to severe vibration. Source: Wikipedia ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

16. Disadvantages to Mechanical Relays • Fail short more easily than electro-mechanical relays • They tend to conduct when they fail • Increased electrical noise when conducting • Higher impedance when closed (-> heat production) • Lower impedance when open Source: Wikipedia ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

17. Disadvantages Cont. • Reverse leakage current when open (µA range) • Possibility of false switching due to voltage transients • Isolated bias supply required for gate charge circuit • Higher Transient Reverse Recovery time (Trr) due to the presence of Body diode Source: Wikipedia ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

18. How to choose • Consider Load requirements • AC or DC or both? • High voltage/current? • On-state resistance? • Consider control constraints • Power used to turn it on? • Voltage level needed? • Cost ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

19. Cost Information • Price is very dependent on quality and application/specifications • PCB Solid State Relays • $2 to $10+ • Stand Alone Solid State Relays • $20 to $40 • High Voltage/High Current • $80 - $150 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

20. Where to buy • Digikey Electronics • http://www.digikey.com/ • McMaster-Carr • http://www.mcmaster.com • MSC • http://www1.mscdirect.com/ • Jameco Electronics • http://www.jameco.com/ ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators