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CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION

CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION. Jodell Dragon, Adrian Gonzalez, Carly Millholland, Amber Morin, Thomas Ngo, Han Nguyen, Kendall Wright. What is Creatine?. Synthesized in the body from AA (Gly, Arg, & Met)

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CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION

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  1. CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION Jodell Dragon, Adrian Gonzalez, Carly Millholland, Amber Morin, Thomas Ngo, Han Nguyen, Kendall Wright

  2. What is Creatine? • Synthesized in the body from AA (Gly, Arg, & Met) • Supplements: most commonly and commercially found in form of Creatine Monohydrate (“Creatine”) • Powder • Capsule • Phosphorylation in skeletal muscle: • Creatine Monohydrate  Phosphocreatine

  3. Common Beliefs • Bodybuilding: Creatine will lead to larger muscle growth • Performance Athletes: Creatine will provide bursts of energy • Marketing ploys: • Post-workout recovery • Increased strength (more energy, ATP) • Rehydration

  4. Importance of Research • Target population • Athletes: recreational or professional • Individuals suffering from disorders/diseases • Importance of Research • Common misconceptions/beliefs based on misinformation or incomplete information • Possible medical application • Identify safe dosage levels

  5. Review of Literature – Athletics • Study #1: “Effects of Oral Creatine and Resistance Training on Serum Myostatin and GASP-1” • Randomized, double-blind & placebo-controlled • N = 27 men (20-25 years old) • 3 groups (1 control, 2 experimental) • Time = 8 weeks (evaluations: weeks 0, 4, 8) • Results: • Highest increase in LBM in group #3 (creatine + RT) • Lower serum myostatin levels in same experimental group

  6. Review of Literature – Athletics • Study #2: “Effect of Different Frequencies of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle Size and Strength in Young Adults” • Placebo-controlled, double blind study • N = 38 physically-active students • 21-28 years old, 17F + 21M • Time = 6 weeks • Results: • Muscle strength and thickness gains • Men gains > Women gains

  7. Review of Literature – Athletics • Study #3: “Creatine Supplementation Enhances Isometric Strength and Body Composition Improvements Following Strength Exercise Training in Older Adults” • Placeb0-controlled experiment • N = 14 (age: 65+) • Time = 14 weeks • Resistance Training 3 times a week • Results: • Creatine supplement yielded larger increases in LBM, isometric knee extension and dorsiflexion strength

  8. Review of Literature – Athletics • Study #4: “Effects of Creatine Loading and Prolonged Creatine Supplementation on Body Composition, Fuel Selection, Sprint and Endurance Performance in Humans” • N = ___ healthy, non-vegetarian young men • Time = 42 days • First 5 days of Creatine loading (20 grams/day) • Subsequent 37 days of 2 grams/day • Tests: Oxygen Uptake + HIT • Results: increased sprinting power, body mass gain

  9. Review of Literature – Medical • Study #5: Gyrate Atrophy • Results: • Study #6: McArdle’s Disease • Results: • Study #7: Congestive Heart Failure • Results:

  10. Review of Literature – Risk • Study #7: “Risk Assessment of the Potential Side Effects of Long-Term Creatine Supplementation in Team Sport Athletes” • N = 6-18 basketball players • Year1, N = 18 / Year2, N = 12 / Year3, N = 6 • Time = 3 years • Lab/blood evaluation before and during supplementation • Result: • No significant negative side effects

  11. Discussion • Strengths of Studies • Variety of populations • Specific measurements/parameters • Suggested Future Studies • Long-term, Larger population (athletes + disease isolation), Limit extraneous variables • Weaknesses of Studies • Short-term • Limited sample (size/demographic) • Lack of exercise detail

  12. Recommendation • Application of Findings • Athletics • Medically • Importance of Findings • ______

  13. Take-Away Message

  14. References Brose A; Parise G (2003). Creatine Supplementation Enhances Isometric Strength and Body Composition Improvements Following Strength Exercise Training in Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 58(1):11-19. Retrieved April 22, 2012, from National Library of Medicine database. Gropper, S. S., Smith, J. L., & Groff, J. L. (2009). Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. (5th ed.), 201-274. Belmont, California: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Persky, M., Brazeau, G., 2001. Clinical Pharmacology of the Dietary Supplement Creatine Monohydrate. Pharmacological Reviews. Vol 53, No. 2. 162-174. Saremi, A., Gharakhanloo, R., Sharghi, S., Gharaati, M. R., Larijani, B., Omidfar, K., (2009). Effects of Oral Creatine and Resistance Training on Serum Myostatin and GASP-1. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 317, 25-30. Schröder, H., Terrados, N., & Tramullas, A. (2004). Risk Assessment of the Potential Side Effects of Long-Term Creatine Supplementation in Team Sport Athletes. European Journal of Nutrition, 44(4), 255-261. doi:10.1007/s00394-004-0519-6

  15. References

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