Regional Landuse Policies in the Context of Development of National Capital Region

1. Regional Landuse Policies in the Context of Development of National Capital Region Presented by J.N. Barman, Joint Director (Technical) National Capital Region Planning Board 19th May, 2011

2. Structure of Presentation • Organisation- NCRPB • Regional Plan-2021 for NCR • Regional Landuse Analysis • Policies and Proposals • National Physical Plan for Malyasia-2020

3. NCR Planning Board’s Mandate ‘Preamble’ of the NCRPB Act, 1985 provides the rationale for constituting the ‘National Capital Region’ as ‘An Act to provide for the constitution of a Planning Board for the preparation of a plan for the development of the National Capital Region and for co-coordinating and monitoring the implementation of such plan and for evolving harmonized policies for the control of land-uses and development of infrastructure in the National Capital Region so as to avoid any haphazard development of that region and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.’ ‘National Capital Region Planning Board’ was constituted under NCRPB Act, 1985 to promote growth and balanced development of the Region in 1985.

4. NCR Planning Board’s Constitution • National Capital Region Planning Board is a high level statutory Board consisting of (21 members and 10 co-opted members) • Chairman • Minister of Urban Development, Govt. of India • Members • Union Ministers for Power, Communication & IT, Railways and Roads & Highways; • Chief Ministers of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and NCT Delhi; • Lt. Governor of NCT of Delhi; • Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development; • Chief Secretaries of Haryana, Rajasthan and NCT of Delhi; • Principal Advisor (HUD), Planning Commission; • Secretary, Housing & Urban Development of U.P. • Member Secretary of the NCR Planning Board

5. NCR Planning Board’s Functions • Section 7 of the NCR Planning Board Act, 1985 provides following functions of the Board: • to prepare the Regional Plan and the Functional Plans ; • to arrange for the preparation of Sub-Regional Plans and Project Plans by each of the participating States and the Union territory ; • to co-ordinate the enforcement and implementation of the Regional Plan, Functional Plans, Sub-Regional Plans and Project Plans through the participating States and the Union territory ; • to ensure proper and systematic programming by the participating States and the Union territory; • to arrange for, and oversee, the financing of selected development projects in the NCR through Central and State Plan funds and other sources of revenue.

6. NCR: Constituents areas (Area in Sq Kms) NCT-Delhi 1,483 Haryana 13,413 Uttar Pradesh10,853 Rajasthan 7,829 Total 33,578 • NCR area is • 1.06% of the India’s area; • 86% of the Kerala • 75.9% of Haryana • 66.67% of Punjab • NCR area is almost 23 times that of NCT-Delhi (1,483 sq kms) • NCR area is more than the combined area of 3 States of Tripura, Nagaland and Sikkim (27,885 sq kms)

7. NCR: Population Distribution Sub-region wise Growth / Distribution of Population (in Lakhs) Urban-Rural Components of Population in NCR (1981-2001) Note: *Urban NCR excluding NCT-Delhi Population Projection as per Regional Plan-2021 for NCR

8. Planning Process Regional Plan Functional Plans Sub-Regional Plans District Plans Master/Development Plans Project Plans To be prepared by NCRPB To be prepared by the State Government To be prepared by the State Government or Local Body/Authority

9. Regional Plan-2021 for NCR

10. Regional Plan-2021: Aim and objectives • To promote growth and balanced development of the National Capital Region through • Providing suitable economic base for future growth in identified regional settlements to absorb economic impulse of NCT-Delhi • Promoting sustainable development • Providing rational land use pattern • Developing urban infrastructural facilities • Providing efficient and cost effective rail and road based transport network • Minimizing adverse environmental impact • Innovative methods of resource mobilization and attracting private investments

11. Regional Plan-2021 for NCR • Regional Plan covers the policies and proposals of the following sectors/ aspects: • Demographic Profile & Settlement Pattern • Economic Activities • Transport • Power • Water • Sewerage, SWM, Drainage & Irrigation • Telecommunication • Shelter • Social Infrastructure • Heritage & Tourism • Environment • Disaster Management • Rural Development • Regional Landuse • Counter Magnet Areas

12. Regional Plan-2021: Thrust areas • Lays down Land Uses at the Regional level for harmonious development • Proposes Development of Metro and Regional Centres as powerful growth nodes to attract major activities • Provide regional transport linkages and Mass Commuter System • Construction of peripheral expressways and orbital rail corridor around Delhi • Development of core urban infrastructure (transport, power, water supply, sewerage, drainage etc.) in NCR towns • Facilitate development of the region’s economy through Model Industrial Estates, Special Economic Zones etc. outside NCT-Delhi • Develop critical Project Plans which are integral elements of the development vision

13. Regional Plan-2021: Existing Landuse Analysis DEVELOPMENT OF LAND USE 1999 DATA BASE Data Source : 1. NRSC : IRS 1C ( PAN+ LISS III) of March 1999 2.Survey of India :Topographical Sheets 3.State Governments Inputs Scale : 1:50 000 Land Use Map - 1999 prepared using : - Visual Interpretation - Digital Mosaicing Techniques - Application of Remote SensingTechniques

14. Regional Plan-2021: Landuse Analysis Land Use Classification LEVEL-I LEVEL-II LEVEL-III 1.Built-Up 11 Dense Builtup-Res 101 Non residential 12 Dense Builtup-Res 102 Open/vacant land 13 Dense Builtup-Res 103 Recreational 14 Engulfed villages 104 Green Spaces 105 Historical Monuments 2.Agriculture 21 Cultivated 231 Horticulture/Mango 22 Fallow 23 Plantation 24 Farm houses 3.Forest 31 Dense Forest 322 Social forestry 32 Plantation 33 Open Scrub 4.Wastelands 41 Gullied land 42 Saline land 43 Waterlogged 44 Barren 45 Rocky 63 River Sand

15. Regional Plan-2021: Landuse Analysis Land Use Classification LEVEL-I LEVEL-IILEVEL-III 5. Water Bodies 51 River/Stream 52 Canal 53 Drain 54 Lake 55 Tank 56 Pond 6. Others 61 Mine 311 Forest boundary 62 Quarry 312 Forest boundary 621 Stone Quarry 622 Brick Kiln 106 Landfill sites 9999 NCR Boundary 999 State Boundary 99 District Boundary 7. Transportation 71. Road 721 Railway line 711 National Highway 73 Airport 712 State Highway

16. Regional Plan-2021: Existing Landuse-1999 Existing Landuse-1999 in NCR

17. Regional Plan-2021: Existing Landuse 1999

18. Regional Plan-2021: Existing Landuse-1999 Landuse Change Analysis in NCR: 1986-1999

19. Landuse Distribution

20. Regional Plan-2021: Issues • Large scale conversion of agriculture land to non-agriculture use. Agriculture area reduced from 88% in 1986 to 80% in 1999. • Unauthorized conversion of land uses particularly along the transport corridors. • Unplanned and haphazard growth in environmentally sensitive areas like river beds, ridge areas, forest areas, etc. • Rural Settlements close to Delhi and other Metropolitan Cities in NCR under-going rapid physical and socio economic changes and shortage of basic services. • Existing Town & Country Planning Acts in the NCR participating States do not have any control on location of urban activities in rural areas outside the notified controlled/development areas.

21. Policies and Proposals of Regional Plan-2021 for NCR

22. Regional Plan-2021: Settlement Pattern • 7 Metro Centres/Complexes • Faridabad • Ghaziabad-Loni Complex • Meerut • Sonepat - Kundli Complex • Greater Noida PANIPAT SONEPAT- KUNDLI MEERUT BARAUT • 11 Regional Centres • Bahadurgarh • Panipat • Rohtak • Palwal • Rewari-Dharuhera-Bawal • Hapur • Bulandshahr-Khurja • Baghpat-Baraut Complex • Alwar • Greater Bhiwadi • Shahjahanpur-Neemrana-Behror ROHTAK BAGHPAT HAPUR BAHADURGARH GHAZIABAD DELHI NOIDA UTTAR PRADESH HARYANA G.NOIDA GURGAON BULANDSHAHR FARIDABAD DHARUHERA KHURJA REWARI BHIWADI BAWAL PALWAL SHAHJAHANPUR NEEMRANA BEHROR ALWAR RAJASTHAN AMBALA DEHRADUN PATIALA DEHRADUN HISSAR BAREILLY GWALIOR Hierarchy of settlements • 8 Counter-magnet area • Bareilly (UP) • Gwalior (MP) • Hissar (Haryana) • Kota (Rajasthan) • Patiala (Punjab) • Ambala (Haryana) • Dehradun (Uttrakhand) • Kanpur (U.P.) KANPUR Hierarchical Level Population Range Metro Centre 10,00,000 and above Regional Centre 3,00,001 – 10,00,000 Sub-regional Centre 50,001 – 3,00,000 Service Centre 10,001 – 50,000 Central Village 5,000 – 10,000 Basic Village Below 5,000 KOTA

23. Regional Plan-2021: Settlement Pattern Rural Settlements Service Centre Large village (10000-50000)to be developed as agro-service centre, collection and distribution of agriculture goods and services with processing, marketing, warehousing and storage facilities. Central Village Central Village (5000-10000) to be developed with relatively better services and facilities like education, health, communication, accessibility and has a capacity to serve group of basic villages. Basic Village All other census villages with population less than 5000. Basic facilities like link roads, water supply, electricity, low-cost, common sanitary facilities with minimum required social infrastructure as per planning norms.

24. Regional Plan-2021 Policies for Environment • Protection and conservation of good agricultural land • Land suitability analysis in Master/ Development Plans for land use allocations • To increase the area under forest from 4% to 10% • Environmentally sensitive areas such as forests, wetlands, water bodies etc. to be protected • Regular monitoring of air, water, noise & land pollution by the respective state pollution control boards • Protection of identified natural and manmade heritage sites for the protection of bio-diversity and culture • Development Plan to be prepared for the protected areas

25. Regional Plan-2021 for NCR Policies for Rural Development • Service Centres and Central Villages to be identified and their role to be spell out in the Sub-Regional / District Plans by the States. • State Governments will prepare detailed rural development Programmes and incorporate in the various programmes of Ministry of Rural Development in the Sub-Regional / District Plans. • Provisions of urban amenities / facilities in rural areas like connectivity, housing, sanitation, water supply, communication, social infrastructure to improve the quality of life. • Provisions for protection of rural areas from unauthorized activities be made in the Sub-Regional Plans by the State Governments.

26. Regional Plan-2021: Proposed Regional Land use

27. Regional Landuse Policies and Proposals 1. Controlled/Development/Regulated Zone • Urbanisable Area • Master plans of towns to be prepared within the framework of RP2021. • Population Densities be followed as per RP-2021 norms. • Agricultural (rural) Zone within Controlled Area • Activities as per Zoning Regulations of RP2021 • Green Buffers • Green buffers along the ROW of the Transport Network be maintained : • Expressways/By Pass - 100 m. • National Highway - 60 m. • State Highway - 30 m. • Railway line - 30 m. • Activities as per Zoning Regulations of RP-2021 to be permitted • Contd.. 27

28. Regional Landuse Policies and Proposals • 2Highway corridor zone • To prevent ribbon development, a regulated zone to be provided. • Minimum width of 500 metres on either side of ROW to be notified as Controlled/ Area • Boundaries of the highway corridor zone to be delineated based on revenue village boundary by the State Governments. • Master Plan to be prepared for development/conservation based on development potentialities. • 3Natural Conservation Zone • Extension of Aravalli ridge to be developed in accordance with notifications issued by MOEF. • Water bodies, Ox-bow lakes and Paleo -channels and other ground water recharging areas to be kept free from encroachment/development. • Detailed conservation Plans to be prepared for the nature conservation zones. • Contd.. 28

29. Regional Landuse Policies and Proposals 4 Agricultural (rural) zone outside notified controlled/ development areas • Existing cultivated land to be conserved for agricultural use and efforts be made to increase production through intensive cultivation. • Measures to be initiated for protection of prime agricultural land and ensure its needless conservation into non-agricultural/urban use. • Use of less valuable land for urban expansion / new urban centres / development purposes 29

30. NATIONAL PHSYICAL PLAN-2020 MALAYSIA

31. National Physical Plan-2020 Malaysia • National Physical Plan (NPP) for Malaysia prepared under the provisions of Town & Country Planning Act, 1976 (Amended) 2001. • NPP was prepared by the Federal Department of Town & Country Planning, Ministry of Housing and Local Government in 2005. • Total Area1,31,816 sq.km. • Population -18.5 million in 2000. • Region Four- Northern Region, Central Region, Southern region and Eastern region • States 12 • Major natural features-High lands, forests, coastal areas, rivers, lakes and plains

32. National Physical Plan-2020 Malaysia Objectives • To rationalise national spatial planning for economic efficiency. • To optimise utilization of land and natural resources for sustainable development. • To promote balanced regional development. • To secure spatial and environmental quality and diversity for high quality of life.

33. National Physical Plan-2020 Malaysia Population Population in Million Urban & Rural Population

34. National Physical Plan-2020 Malaysia Existing Landuse -2001 Built-up areas 4370.90 3.3% Agriculture 66687.30 50.6% Forests 58448.90 44.4% Water Bodies 2309.30 1.70 Total 131816.40 100%

35. National Physical Plan-2020 Malaysia • Land Availability Assessment • Land development limitations identified are: • Existing built-up areas. • Environmentally Sensitive Areas • Areas with physical constraints

36. Policies and Measures

37. National Physical Plan-2020 Malaysia • National Spatial Framework-2010 • NPP will serve as framework to achieve integrated and sustainable landuse planning in the country. • -Development Plans and Sectoral Plans to confirm provisions of NPP. • -Uniformity of measurements -standards and criteria for land use classification and assessment of availability of land. • - NPP will provide the spatial framework for the formulation of Five Year Malaysian Plan (FYMP).

38. National Physical Plan-2020 Malaysia • Selective Concentration Development Strategy • Concentrate urban based economic activities in main Conurbations in Kualalumpur, Georgetown, Baharu and Kuantan. • Urban based economic activities be located away from main conurbations in Selected Urban Growth Centres. • Encourage optimum utilisation of existing Infrastructure like highways, railways and ports.

39. National Physical Plan-2020 Malaysia • Prime Agricultural Areas (PAA) • Support of agriculture to take cognisance of the threats and opportunities of urbanization. • Prioritize agricultural land to conserve Prime Agricultural Areas. • Eight strategic granary areas including oil palm areas identified to be conserved. • All PAA outside designated urban areas not permitted for conversion to urban uses. • All PAA within Conurbations that fall within green belt to be permanently conserved. • A national exercise be carried out to identify , designate and map the PAA

40. National Physical Plan-2020 Malaysia • Potential Rural Economic Clusters • Development of Rural Growth Centres for servicing of rural population. • Social and Commercial Service and public facilities to be consolidated at Rural Growth Centres • Public Investments in infrastructure to support resource based economic activities craft based industries, agro-based and forest based activities • Residents of Isolated Villages to relocate RGCs to become economically viable

41. National Physical Plan-2020 Malaysia • National Physical Plan also formulated detailed policies on the following aspects: • Protection of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA). • Central Forest Spine (CFS) recommended CFS to be gazetted under National Forest Act. • Protection of Sensitive Coastal Eco-system (SCE). • Protection of Highlands and Special Management Areas (HSMA) • Industrial Sites within Water Catchments-restriction of location of industries. • Flood Prone Area (FPA)-declaration of river reserved.

42. National Physical Plan-2020 Malaysia Integrated National Development Planning System 1.Project Implementation and Coordination. - National Development Council, National Development Working Committee and State Development Council. 2.National Development and Economic Planning • National Economic Council • National Development Planning Committee • State Economic Planning Committee 3.National Physical Planning • National Physical Council • National Physical Planning Committee • State Planning Committee • Local Planning Committee

43. National Physical Plan-2020 Malaysia Plan implementation, monitoring and review 1. Plan implementation All Federal & State Agencies 2. Monitoring - DG Town & Country Planning • Landuse Changes • Application of policies 3. Plan Review • DG Town & Country Planning

44. Suggestions • Detailed Spatial (Map) and Non-Spatial (Statistical) Data Base may be created. • National / State / District Level Mapping through Remote Sensing Technology (GIS). • Collection of Digital Spatial Data already generated by various Central/State Govts./ Agencies on various aspects of land cover/ land use. • Identification and delineation of various types of existing landuses / land cover. • Study of various policies proposals of Central Govt./State Govts. for specific areas like forest hill areas, waste lands etc. • Identification of issues, problems and potentialities for various types of land uses. • Carrying out technical and socio-economic research studies on selected important aspects.

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