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The impact of access policies on the development of a national GDI

The impact of access policies on the development of a national GDI. the continuing battle between Europe and the United States. Bastiaan van Loenen b.vanloenen@geo.tudelft.nl. Münsteraner GI- Tage 26 June 2003.

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The impact of access policies on the development of a national GDI

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  1. The impact of access policies on the development of a national GDI the continuing battle between Europe and the United States Bastiaan van Loenen b.vanloenen@geo.tudelft.nl Münsteraner GI- Tage 26 June 2003 Department of Civil Engineering and Geo-sciences, section Geo-information and Land Development

  2. Overview • Access policies • The United States • How to research access policies? • Conclusions

  3. Spatial data are special • Linking data to the surface of the earth is extremely useful • Many use spatial data but few are aware of its value • Different levels of government need different spatial data: the lower the level the larger the scale • But:

  4. Spatial data are special, but expensive to create: • high expertise and • advanced equipment needed • data does not ‘come’ to the gatherer

  5. Who pays for data creation: Access Policies • Open Access • Minimum of use restrictions • Maximum marginal costs of distribution charged • Restricted Access • Use restrictions imposed • No limit on price • Activities outside the scope of the public or legislated task: competition with private sector

  6. Open Access: Funding Theory Treasury End-users Government agency Users End-users Data Product Public funds VAT Income/Company tax Price Government users

  7. Restricted Access: Funding Theory Treasury End-users Users Government agency End-users Data Product Public funds VAT Income/Company tax Price Government users

  8. Access Models in one Legal System In one legal system both access models can exist: • Different model for each user group • Different model for different type of data • Different model for each dataset • A combination of the above • This fragmentation within a legal system is limiting the use of data

  9. Characteristics of Access Models Open access: • Widespread use of spatial data tends to increase its value • Promotes the development of an GDI Restrictive policy: • Guaranteed high quality data • Promotes the development of an GDI

  10. Open Access: the United States? • In principle yes for federal government • Not necessarily true for states or local governments

  11. Open Access: United States? Source: Van Loenen, 2002

  12. Why not compare federal US with Europe? • US is one uniform legal system with equivalent market size • Agencies of the federal US create data at small scale level • Federal agencies may have a mandate to uniformly create data for whole US

  13. How to research access policies Step 1 research method: • If comparative research compare like with like • For Access Policies: • Population density • Level of economic development • Systems of government • Other, …

  14. How to research access policies Compare like with like: • One state in the US • Three legal systems in Europe

  15. How to compare? For four framework datasets Characteristics of data: • Technical (Scale, Quality) • Non-technical: • Legal access • Financial access • Physical • Intellectual • Extra’s

  16. How to compare? Assessing the use value of spatial data: • Number of uses (‘useful’ uses) • Variety of products using framework data • Satisfaction of users

  17. Non technical characteristics Framework data value Technical characteristics Alternative Datasets? VALUE Use Use value User satisfaction

  18. Overview • Access policies • The United States • How to research access policies? • Conclusions

  19. Conclusions • Access policies should be compared through technical, non-technical characteristics combined with a use value assessment • If no sufficient level of awareness available, the open access model is likely to block the development of GDIs • Idea of EC to harmonise current access policies recognises the different contexts of the European legal systems

  20. Thank you for your attention More information on this subject: http://www.geo.tudelft.nl/gigb/NGII Bastiaan van Loenen b.vanloenen@geo.tudelft.nl Münsteraner GI- Tage 26 June 2003 Department of Civil Engineering and Geo-sciences, section Geo-information and Land Development

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