Similarities and Differences Marzano Chapter 2

1. Similarities and DifferencesMarzano Chapter 2 Eliane Agra Alison Zeller Megan Antis Prisha Ward

2. Why use these strategies? The Generalizations… • “Presenting students with explicit guidance in identifying similarities and differences enhances students’ understanding of and ability to use knowledge”(Marzano 15). • Encourages discussion and inquiry.

3. “Asking students to independently identify similarities and differences enhances students’ understanding of and ability to use knowledge” (Marzano 15). • “Representing similarities and differences in graphic or symbolic form enhances students’ understanding of and ability to use knowledge”(Marzano 16).

4. “Identification of similarities and differences can be accomplished in a variety of ways” (Marzano 16). • Comparing • Classifying • Metaphors • Analogies

5. All Strategies… • Start with teacher directed, structured tasks • Proceed to student directed, comparison tasks • Utilize graphic organizers

6. Ways to Implement Strategy • Comparing • The process of identifying similarities and differences between or among things or ideas.*Marzano • The key is identifying important characteristics.

7. Classifying • The process of grouping things that are alike in two categories on the basis of their characteristics. *Marzano • Organize elements into groups based on their similarities.

8. Metaphors • The process of identifying a general or basic pattern in a specific topic and then finding another topic that appears to be quite different but that has the same general pattern. *Marzano • Two items in a metaphor are connected by an abstract or nonliteral relationship. • Love is a rose • In graphic organizers the two elements may have different literal patterns but share a common abstract pattern.

9. Analogies • The process of identifying relationships between pairs of concepts-in other words identifying relationships between relationships. *Marzano • Allow students to see how seemingly dissimilar things are similar • Hot:cold::night:day • Cold and day are opposites OF hot and night

10. Tying it into the Standards • Social Sciences • Common Curricular Goal: Compare and analyze physical and human characteristics of places and regions. • Mathematics • MA.02.AR.01 Sort and classify objects using one or more attributes by observing relationships and making generalizations.

11. Works Cited • Oregon Content Standards Newspaper • Marazno,R., Pickering,D. & Pollock, J. (2002)Classroom instruction that works. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.