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DNA the Blue Print of Life

DNA the Blue Print of Life. Biology 10. Understand that DNA is the Blue Print or Code that Controls all activities in living creatures Growth Repair Hormones Enzymes Eye color Behavior Hair color ……. You Probably know DNA like this. DNA Developed you from this. Head. Spine. To This.

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DNA the Blue Print of Life

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  1. DNAthe Blue Print of Life Biology 10

  2. Understand that DNA is the Blue Print or Code that Controls all activities in living creatures • Growth • Repair • Hormones • Enzymes • Eye color • Behavior • Hair color • ……..

  3. You Probably know DNA like this

  4. DNA Developed you from this

  5. Head Spine

  6. To This

  7. Into this - Yikes

  8. But How did they ever discover DNA? The story begins with a curious experiment conducted by Dr. Griffiths with white mice…….

  9. What was killing these Mice?

  10. Hershey-Chase Experiment Researchers had to determine if DNA was genetic material and not protein 1. Was it DNA or proteins that was the genetic material? 2. Bacteriophages - viruses used a. protein coat b. nucleic acid interior (DNA core)

  11. 3. Radioactive labeling of protein & DNA

  12. 4. Results showed that DNA directed the formation of new viruses, not the protein coat

  13. Discovery of DNA Structure Components of DNA • DNA consists of a sugar, base and phosphate group • One of 4 possible bases: adenine (A) cytosine (C) guanine (G) thymine (T)

  14. DNA Structure – The Twisted Ladder

  15. The Nucleotide: • Sugar • Phosphate Group • Nitrogenous Base Phosphate Base Ribose Sugar

  16. Experiments – 1949 1. the amount of A = amount of T 2. the amount of C = amount of G 3. ratios vary by species

  17. X-Ray experiments • Used X-rays to examine structure of DNA • Observed that a. DNA is helical b. DNA exists in long strands c. DNA is highly repetitive

  18. Watson-Crick Analysis of DNA • Constructed a model of DNA structure • Phosphate groups from backbone • Double-stranded molecule • Base=pairing of A-T and G-C • Helical shape

  19. DNA Replication & Repair A. Replication 1. replication is semi-conservative 2. major molecules a. unwinds DNA strands b. DNA polymerase - copies DNA c. molecular glues seal newly formed DNA strands

  20. B. DNA Repair • DNA polymerase “proofreads” the new strands • Glues help to repair mismatched bases

  21. DNA Organization • Chromosome structure • DNA is organized into long molecules called chromosomes • Chromosome are stabilized by proteins called histones • Histones organize the DNA

  22. DNA has been Mapped – E. Coli DNA

  23. Plants have been able to Clone themselves and their DNA forever

  24. Scientists Did this with Sheep

  25. The Human Genome Project

  26. Science Fiction? Science Fiction?

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