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WWI: causes

WWI: causes. tensions from Age of Imperialism secret alliances building up of arms assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand. I. WWI: connection to WWII. A. Allies’ harsh punishment of enemies(Treaty of Versailles) Germany forced to pay $56 billion reparations

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WWI: causes

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  1. WWI: causes tensions from Age of Imperialism secret alliances building up of arms assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand
  2. I. WWI: connection to WWII A. Allies’ harsh punishment of enemies(Treaty of Versailles) Germany forced to pay $56 billion reparations B. The Great Depression high unemployment in Germany in ability to pay back debts
  3. WWI: connection to WWII C. Hitler’s rise 1. restore pride (promised “right the wrongs” of the Treaty of Versailles) 2. economic relief 3. prevent spread of communism – Germans did not want gov’t to take property 4. blamed the Jews for Germany’s problems
  4. The Rise of Hitler 5. Nazis elected to gov’t positions 6. 1933 Hitler named Chancellor (like Prime Minister) 7. declared martial law, took away freedoms, named himself Chancellor for life
  5. D. Fascist government strongly anti-Communist extreme nationalism (“We are the best” attitude) dictatorship established power is absolute used military for power suppressed opposition with secret police E. Used propaganda to spread ideas The Rise of Hitler
  6. Propaganda
  7. A. Acts of Aggression Why? wanted to unite all German speaking people needed more “living space” for “superior race” (Aryans) B. Appeasement: policy adopted by Allies which caused them to make concessions to Germany in order to preserve peace. II. Hitler’s Acts of Aggression
  8. Actions 1933: strengthened military against T of V 1936: formed an alliance with Italy also fascist gov’t 1938: invaded Austria many German speaking people 1938-9: given Sudetenland seized all of Czechoslovakia 1939: non-aggression pact signed with Soviets invaded Poland war declared by GB alliance with Poland France allied with GB Acts of Aggression
  9. The Major Players“The Bad Guys”
  10. Leaders of the Axis Powers GermanyAdolf Hitler JapanEmperor Hirohito ItalyBenito Mussolini
  11. The Major Players“The Good Guys”
  12. Leaders of the Allied Powers FranceCharles De Gaulle Great BritainWinston Churchill USSRJosef Stalin Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry Truman USA
  13. The World At War IV. European Theater A. 1941 1. Germany invades USSR 2. “Battle of Britain” 3. Germany declares war on USA B. 1942-3 1. Soviets stop Germans at Stalingrad 2. Allies advance in North Africa, invade Italy
  14. The World At War C. 1944 1. June 6 -> “D-Day”: Allies land in France 2. Soviets advance to the west D. 1945 Germany surrenders
  15. The World At War V. Pacific Theater A. 1937 Japanese launch major drive into China B. 1940 Japan joins alliance with Italy and Germany C. 1941 December 7-> attack on Pearl Harbor
  16. The Pacific Theater
  17. The Pacific Theater D. 1942 1. Japanese empire at its height 2. Tide turns, Americans advance E. 1945 1. Japanese econ collapses 2. August 6 & 9 -> atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki (200,000 killed) 3. August 14 -> Japan surrenders ->
  18. The Holocaust I. The Holocaust A. 1933-1945 B. definition: the systematic annihilation of 6 million Jews by the Nazis C. 5 million others killed D. occurred over time
  19. The Holocaust II. The Nazis Beliefs Germans are “racially superior” struggle between them and “inferior races” (Jews, Gypsies, handicapped)
  20. The Holocaust threaten biological purity had to be exterminated 3. Jews a. scapegoat: group blamed for problems b. why? 1. centuries of anti-Semitism 2. not able to fight back 3. used propaganda
  21. The Holocaust 4. Other inferiors a. Slavic peoples 1. Poles, Russians, etc. 2. destined for slave labor b. political enemies 1. communist 2. socialist c. social enemies 1. Jehovah’s Witnesses 2. homosexuals
  22. Hitler’s 4 Step Process B. Treatment
  23. The Holocaust C. done in secret 1. euphemisms used to hide the truth (the Final Solution) 2. victims were fooled to prevent resistance 3. disbelief that something like this could happen
  24. The Holocaust III. Methods of genocide A. handicapped 1. late 1930s 2. lethal injection 3. poisonous gas B. mobile killing units 1. 1941 Soviet invasion 2. shot people in fields and ravines
  25. The Holocaust C. Extermination centers 1. est. in Poland 2. killed by gassing 3. bodies cremated 4. conducted systematically: a. carried on using step-by-step procedures; orderly b. victims deported to centers from W. Europe
  26. The Holocaust D. Other deaths occurred in concentration camps and ghettos 1. forced labor 2. starvation 3. exposure 4. brutality 5. disease 6. execution
  27. The Holocaust IV. Reaction By 1942 US & GB know, but did not react anti-Semitism fear of massive influx of refugees goal was to defeat Germany 1944 some rescue efforts made Some Europeans collaborated with the Nazis Some people resisted and aided those persecuted.
  28. 1945 V. How it All Ends A. German and Italian troops begin surrendering throughout Europe B. Concentrations camps are liberated C. Hitler commits suicide D. USA dropped two atomic bombs on Japan days apart E. Japanese agree to unconditional surrender
  29. VI. The Final Count World War II Casualties Total for Allies Powers – 9,186,111 Total for Axis Powers – 5,380,000 Total in war – 60,000,000 (killed & wounded) USA Killed – 418,000 USA Wounded – 670,846 Holocaust Causalities Approximately 6,000,000 Jews Approximately 5,000,000 Non-Jews (POWs, gypsies, mentally/physically disabled)
  30. The Final Count
  31. Other Outcomes VII. Post-War Effects A. End of colonialism Increased nationalism Fighting for democracy/against dictatorships European powers too weak to maintain colonies
  32. Other Outcomes B. Cold War USA/USSR emerge as two strongest nations Resume mistrust of each other “Iron Curtain” falls over Eastern Europe (Soviet occupation zones Communists led by Mao Zedong defeat nationalists in Chinese Civil War
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