Nouns

1. Nouns

2. What is a noun? • Person – Mom, Dad, Christy, Ed, girl, boy • Place – London, Louisville, home, school • Thing – bike, desk, car, homework • Idea – freedom, courage, inspiration

3. Every day nouns that are not capitalized dog cat desk house chair car book history Common Nouns

4. Names a specific person, place, or thing Mrs. Smith London Asia Africa Pontiac Grand Prix December Thanksgiving Civil War Proper Nouns

5. Concrete or Abstract Nouns • Concrete – anything that appeals to the senses: person, place, thing • Abstract – cannot be sensed, it is hard to understand (like abstract art): idea

6. Collective Nouns • A collective noun is a singular noun that refers to many things. • Herd • Class • Senate • Congress • Choir • School • Team

7. SINGULAR NOUNS • Singular nouns refer to ONE item. • Singular nouns need singular verbs (singular verbs end with “s”.) • Most singular nouns do not end in “S”. • Some singular nouns do end in “S”, like scissors.

8. Example Singular Nouns • The tree is tall. • Subject – singular tree • Verb – singular is • The fish swims in circles. • Subject – singular fish • Verb – singular swims

9. Plural Nouns • Plural nouns refer to more than one item. • Plural nouns need plural verbs (plural verbs do not end with “S”.) • Most plural nouns end with “S.” Some plural nouns are irregular (women, men, children, mice)

10. If it is a normal noun, just add “S”. If the noun ends in “S, X, Z, CH, or SH” add “ES”. If it ends with a consonant then “Y”, change the “Y” to “I” and add “ES”. desk = desks bench = benches country = countries Ways to Make Nouns Plural

11. If the noun ends with a vowel plus “Y”, just add “S”. If the noun ends with a vowel plus “O”, just add “S”. If the noun ends with a consonant and “O”, add “ES”. holiday – holidays rodeo = rodeos tomato = tomatoes Ways to Make Nouns Plural

12. Some nouns are irregular. They do not follow a rule. Some nouns are the same in the singular and plural. Numbers and letters add apostrophe “S”. woman = women man = men deer, moose,sheep A’s, 5’s Ways to Make Nouns Plural

13. Example Plural Nouns • The trees are tall. • Subject – plural trees • Verb – plural are • The fish swim in circles. • Subject – plural fish • Verb – plural swim • The children learn a lot at school. • Subject – plural children • Verb – plural learn

14. Possessive Nouns • Possessive nouns show ownership.

15. If it is a singular noun, add apostrophe and “S”. If it is a plural noun that does not end with “S”, add apostrophe and “S”. If it is a plural noun ending with “S”, just add apostrophe. Class = class’s Children = children’s Classes = classes’ How to Make a Noun Possessive

16. Compound Nouns • Two or more words combined to make one word. • They can be spelled as one word. • They can be spelled as two separate words. • They can be hyphenated words. • Paintbrush • Dog house • Mother-in-law

17. Plural Compound Nouns • To make a compound noun plural, add the appropriate ending to the word you want to make plural. • For example – you may have more than one brother-in-law so it will be brothers-in-law. The laws are not plural.

18. The Jobs of Nouns • Subject • Predicate Noun • Direct Object • Indirect Object • Object of Preposition

19. Subject • The main idea of the sentence.

20. Example Subject • My favorite place to visit is London. • Subject = place

21. Predicate Noun • Noun or pronoun • Renames or defines the subject • After a linking verb

22. Example P.N. • My favorite place to visit is London. • P.N. = London

23. Direct Object • Noun or pronoun • Follows an action verb • Answers the questions What? or Whom? • YOU DO NOT HAVE TO HAVE AN I.O.

24. Example D.O. • He played the piano nicely. • D.O. = piano

25. Indirect Object • Noun or pronoun • Follows an action verb • Comes before a direct object • Answers the questions To Whom?, To What?, For Whom?, or For What? • YOU MUST HAVE A D.O. to have an I.O.

26. Example I.O. • She gave him an ice cream cone. • D.O. = cone • I.O. = him

27. Object of Preposition • Noun or pronoun • Follows a preposition • Completes a prepositional phrase

28. Example O.P. • She sat in the car for a long time. • 1. Preposition = in • 1. Prepositional phrase = in the car • 1. O.P. = car • 2. Preposition = for • 2. Prepositional phrase = for a long time • 2. O.P. = time

29. Review Jobs of Nouns • Subject • Predicate Noun • Direct Object • Indirect Object • Object of Preposition

30. O.P. or Appositive An object of the preposition follows a preposition. Ex. We wrote about our teacher. Teacher is the object of the preposition “about.” An appositive is set off with commas and defines a noun in front of it. Ex. Ms. Berger, our teacher, is awesome. Teacher is the appositive that define Ms. Berger.