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Optics Observations

Optics Observations. Pinholes, apertures and diffraction Lenses, lensmaker and depth of focus Two-dimensions and asymmetries Chromatic aberration of the human eye Adaptive optics, H-S Encoding. Pinhole optics. Lens Design: Snell’s Law. Lensmaker’s Equation.

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Optics Observations

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  1. Optics Observations • Pinholes, apertures and diffraction • Lenses, lensmaker and depth of focus • Two-dimensions and asymmetries • Chromatic aberration of the human eye • Adaptive optics, H-S • Encoding

  2. Pinhole optics

  3. Lens Design: Snell’s Law

  4. Lensmaker’s Equation

  5. Optical power and object distance

  6. (From Jenkins and White, I think) Diffraction Limits The Sharpness Of Image With A Small Pinhole Aperture

  7. The Diffraction Pattern Of A Disk Has A Formula Based on Bessel Functions That Can Be Calculated From First Principles Airy

  8. Some Animals Have Non-Circular Pupils: Cat Eye

  9. Pupil Size Changes With Mean Luminance, Influencing Acuity (From Wyszecki and Stiles, 1982) Pupil diameter (mm) Log luminance (Trolands)

  10. The Pointspread Function Is The Generalization of the Linespread

  11. Astigmatism Measures The Orientation of the Pointspread Function

  12. Chromatic aberration is a differences in optical focus that varies with wavelength (A) Stimulus (B) Stimulus -0.3 0.3 Position

  13. Chromatic AberrationCan Be Summarized By The Optical Power At Various Wavelengths; Very Constant Across People

  14. 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 Short wavelength linespread functions are much broader than middle wavelength 580nm Relative intensity 430nm Position (deg)

  15. Chromatic aberration also can be summarized in terms of the MTF at each wavelength

  16. Chromatic and spherical aberration: MTF

  17. Chromatic aberration can also be summarized by its effect on the linespread Function Wavelength (nm) Spatial position (deg)

  18. Recent Advances In Adaptive OpticsGetting to the Diffraction Limit

  19. Wavefront Retina Hartmann-Shack Wavefront Sensor Senses The Local Planarity Of The Image Wavefront Using a Lenslet Array

  20. Artal, Guirao, Berrio & Williams Journal of Vision Example H-S displacement images at the CCD sensor

  21. Adaptive optics corrects for the optical distortions using deformable mirror devices

  22. Wavefront phase corrector priniciple

  23. Deformable mirror arrays Compensate For the Measured Aberrations

  24. Deform the mirror to compensate for the wavefront curvature

  25. Real deformable mirror arrays

  26. Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensors Point source

  27. Adaptive Optics compensate for aberrations in the optical path, the MTF approaches the diffraction limit

  28. The MTF approaches the diffraction limit

  29. Adaptive optics should permit visualization of the retina at high spatial resolution – Not Yet Routine(Liang and Williams)

  30. End Reading for next Tuesday Liang and Williams paperRoorda and Williams paper Who wants to lead the discussion? Anyone have other papers to discuss?

  31. Application: Seeing The Arrangement of Cone Classes in the Human Eye( Roorda and Williams) mm

  32. Zernicke Polynomials (Not Harmonics) Are Used To Model Transmission Through The Lens The Zernike polynomials are a set of functions that are orthogonal over the unit circle. They are useful for describing the shape of an aberrated wavefront in the pupil of an optical system. Project idea: Implement a set of Matlab functions for these polynomials. Explain their use in optics characterization. Review the human literature pertaining to measurements of wavefront aberrations in the human eye.

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