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Post-Impressionism. Post-Impressionism is the term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Manet.
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Post-Impressionism Post-Impressionism is the term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Manet. Post-Impressionists extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: they continued using vivid colours, thick application of paint, distinctive brushstrokes and real-life subject matter, but they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and t use unnatural or arbitrary colour.
The Post-Impressionists were dissatisfied with the triviality of subject matter and the loss of structure in Impressionist paintings, though they did not agree on the way forward.
PAUL CEZANNE • Recluse…perfectionist • “Father” of Modern Art • Indifferent to “correct” art • “the artist’s task is to represent…NOT to reproduce…nature” • ….”make of Impressionism something solid”
Still Life with an Open Drawer, 1877-1879, • Cézanne was interested in the simplification of naturally occurring forms to their geometric essentials, he wanted to "treat nature by the cylinder, the sphere, the cone" (a tree trunk may be conceived of as a cylinder, a human head a sphere, for example).
Still Life with a Curtain (1895) illustrates Cézanne's increasing trend towards terse compression of forms
Like the landscapes, his portraits were drawn from that which was familiar, so that not only his wife and son but local peasants, children and his art dealer served as subjects. Madame Cezanne in the Greenhouse, 1891-1892
Vincent Van Gogh • Vincent Willem van Gogh (30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist artist • Some of his paintings are now among the world's best known, most popular and expensive works of art
In brief • The central figure in Van Gogh's life was his brother Theo, who continually and selflessly provided financial support. • Their lifelong friendship is documented in numerous letters they exchanged from August 1872 onwards. • Van Gogh is a pioneer of what came to be known as Expressionism. • He had an enormous influence on 20th century art, especially on the Fauves and German Expressionists.
On 26 March 1885, Van Gogh's father died of a stroke. Van Gogh grieved deeply. For the first time there was interest from Paris in some of his work. In spring he painted what is now considered his first major work, The Potato Eaters ( • In August his work was exhibited for the first time, in the windows of a paint dealer, Leurs, in The Hague. In September he was accused of making one of his young peasant sitters pregnant,[and the Catholic village priest forbade villagers from modelling for him. The Potato Eaters, 1885
1885…Death of Father • First interest in artwork • First exhibit in August, 1885 • Antwerp…Starvation • Interest in Japanese woodcuts
JAPONISMECraze for all things Japanese 1867 … Paris Exposition Universelle • Embraced by the public • Japanese woodblock prints of particular interest to Impressionists and Post Impressionists • 1885 … Van Gogh began collecting Japanese prints • 1886 … Bing Gallery next door to Van Gogh’s apartment • 1887 … Van Gogh began to paint copies of famous Japanese designs • 1888 … Arles work shows influence … • Letter to sister … • “Theo wrote that he offered you Japanese woodblock prints. That is certainly the best way to understand which direction the light and colorful painting has taken. Here I need no Japanese woodblock prints, because I am here in Japan. This is why I only have to open my eyes and paint the impressions that I receive.”
Still Life: Vase with Twelve Sunflowers, August 1888 (Neue Pinakothek, Munich) • Finally in February 1888, when Vincent felt worn out from life in Paris, he left the city, having painted over 200 paintings during his two years there. • Gauguin agreed to join him in Arles. • In August he painted sunflowers;
The Café Terrace on the Place du Forum, Arles, at Night, September 1888.
The Red Vineyard (November 1888), • On 23 October Gauguin eventually arrived in Arles, after repeated requests from Van Gogh. During November they painted together. • Uncharacteristically, Van Gogh painted some pictures from memory, deferring to Gauguin's ideas in this. • It was in November that Van Gogh painted The Red Vineyard.
the ear • Van Gogh felt an increasing fear that Gauguin was going to desert him, and what he described as a situation of "excessive tension" reached a crisis point on 23 December 1888, when Van Gogh stalked Gauguin with a razor and then cut off the lower part of his own left ear lobe, which he wrapped in newspaper and gave to a prostitute named Rachel in the local brothel, asking her to "keep this object carefully."[ • Gauguin left Arles and never saw Van Gogh again
asylum • On 8 May 1889 Van Gogh, accompanied by a carer, the Reverend Salles, committed himself to the mental hospital of Saint-Paul-de-Mausole in a former monastery in Saint Rémy de Provence, a little less than 20 miles (32 km) from Arles. • The monastery was a mile and a half out of the town and was in an area of cornfields, vineyards, and olive trees. • Theo van Gogh arranged for his brother to have two small rooms, one for use as a studio, although in reality they were simply adjoining cells with barred windows
The Starry Night, June 1889 • During his stay there, the clinic and its garden became his main subject. • At this time some of his work was characterised by swirls, as in one of his best-known paintings, The Starry Night.
Legacy • Don McLean’s song “Vincent” • Anne Sexton poem “Starry Night”
the end • Van Gogh's depression deepened, and on 27 July 1890, at the age of 37, he walked into the fields and shot himself in the chest with a revolver. • He did not realise that his wound was fatal, and returned to the Ravoux Inn, where he died in his bed two days later.
Paul Gauguin • Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a leading Post-Impressionistpainter. His bold experimentation with coloring led directly to the Synthetist style of modern art while his expression of the inherent meaning of the subjects in his paintings, under the influence of the cloisonnist style, paved the way to Primitivism and the return to the pastoral
PAUL GAUGUIN • Vocal, flamboyant, recognized • Wanted freedom…journeyed around the world in his search…wanted to return to the natural BUT with a modern expression • Became recognized as a symbolist and a liberator of color
Gauguin cont. • Gauguin’s art aims at five qualities: • Ideational • Symbolist • Synthesis • Subjective • Decorative • Strong, selfish personality
Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?1897, oil on canvas
The Yellow Christ1889, oil on canvas • Under the influence of folk art and Japanese prints, Gauguin evolved towards Cloisonnism, • In The Yellow Christ (1889), often cited as a quintessential Cloisonnist work, the image was reduced to areas of pure colour separated by heavy black outlines. • In such works Gauguin paid little attention to classical perspective and boldly eliminated subtle gradations of colour, thereby dispensing with the two most characteristic principles of post-Renaissance painting.
Gauguin is also considered a Post-Impressionist painter. His bold, colorful and design oriented paintings significantly influenced Modern art. • Gauguin's influence on artists and movements in the early 20th century include Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, André Derain, Fauvism, Cubism, and Orphism among others
Vision After the Sermon (Jacobs fight with the angel), (1888)
Georges Seurat • Georges-Pierre Seurat (2 December 1859 – 29 March 1891) • His large work Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, his most famous painting, altered the direction of modern art
He spent 1883 on his first major painting — a huge canvas titled Bathers at Asnières. • After his painting was rejected by the Paris Salon, Seurat turned away from such establishments, instead allying himself with the independent artists of Paris.
