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The Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire. Rome’s Successor. Rome’s Eastern Counterpart. Byzantium was the eastern section of Rome, but when western Rome dissolved, it became a separate empire. Byzantine culture was closely related to that of Western Rome except for its religion (Eastern Orthodox Christianity).

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The Byzantine Empire

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  1. The Byzantine Empire Rome’s Successor

  2. Rome’s Eastern Counterpart • Byzantium was the eastern section of Rome, but when western Rome dissolved, it became a separate empire. • Byzantine culture was closely related to that of Western Rome except for its religion (Eastern Orthodox Christianity). • Byzantium was able to ward off invaders with its sturdy capital– Constantinople– and its armed forces.

  3. Byzantine History • 330 CE: Constantinople created. • Circa 395 CE: Rome Splits into East West Sections • 600 CE: Loss of Middle Eastern control to Islam • 1204 CE: Catholic Crusaders sack Constantinople. • 1453 CE: Ottoman Empire seizes Constantinople, Byzantium ends.

  4. Divided? Not Really • The church was close by • In the West, more of a divide between the Church and state • A network of priests

  5. Holy Men and Legitimacy • Holy men were Highly influential • Strong influence on every aspect of Byzantine Life

  6. Byzantine Empire

  7. Fun Timeline

  8. A deep and lasting division within the Christian world occurred when the Eastern Orthodoxy defined itself as against the emerging Latin Christianity centered on Papal Rome. • Since both the Latin Christianity and Eastern Orthodoxy had derived from the growth of Christianity in the Roman Empire the two religions had much in common. • The teachings of Jesus • The Bible • The sacraments • A church hierarchy of patriarchs, bishops, and priests • A missionary impulse • And intolerance toward other religions. • Yet there was an awareness of difference, competition, and hostility that they couldn’t overcome. • Rome and Constantinople were alternative hubs of the Church. • The difference between Orthodoxy and Catholicism was widened with small disagreements like… • The nature of the Trinity • The source of the Holy Spirit, • Original Sin, • The relative importance of faith and reason • Priests in the West (Catholics) shaved their heads bald while those in the Byzantium allowed their beards to grow long • Byzantines allowed Priests to marry. Catholics did not. • Both churches excommunicated themselves in 1,054. • The Crusades launched in 1095 by the Catholic pope and had to walk through the Byzantine Empire to get to their destination in the Islamic empire. This created a lot of local conflict. • There were efforts to bridge the mounting divide between the Western and Eastern branches of the church. • During the Fourth Crusade in 1204, western forces seized and looted Constantinople and ruled Byzantium for the next half century.

  9. Byzantine State • Byzantine replaced Western Rome • Constantinople was the political center • Ruled with strong armies comprised of peasants • Political Structure was similar to Persia

  10. Interaction • Government interacted very little with population • Focused on taxes, maintaining order, and supressing revolts • After 1085 shrank because of invaders from other Empires

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