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BARBAROSSA. Lend-Lease Rassenkampf Stalingrad Bagration Georgi Zhukov Great Fatherland War. After the Fall of France. Battle of Britain, 12 August to 27 September 121 Air Raids Stalemate in West US Lend-Lease Aid British Technology. *. *. *. *. *. = Major Oil Field .
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BARBAROSSA • Lend-Lease • Rassenkampf • Stalingrad • Bagration • Georgi Zhukov • Great Fatherland War
After the Fall of France • Battle of Britain, 12 August to 27 September • 121 Air Raids • Stalemate in West • US Lend-Lease Aid • British Technology
* * * * * = Major Oil Field The Reasons for BARBAROSSA • Rassenkampf • Lebensraum • Fascist Ideology • Finland • Wermacht Morale • Alliances
Dramatic Success of Blitzkreig • German Success • 3.3 million German soldiers • 60 Miles per Day • 8 Russian Divisions Wiped Out in First Week • 2,000 Planes Destroyed in 48 Hours • 6,000 Tanks Lost in July Alone • 1,500,000 Casualties in 14 Days • By August, Germans Were 200 Miles From Moscow
Failure of the Russian System • Army Not Ready • Stalinist Purges of the 1930s • 80% of Colonels Purged • Political Reliability Over Military Capability • Late Mobilization • Distrust of British Intelligence • Hope for Diplomacy • Remembrances of 1914
Approx 300,000 Russian POW Approx 600,000 Russian POW June July Aug-Sep October North Leeb Center Bock South Runstedt
But the Russians Aren’t Done • “Trading Space for Time” • Russian Industry Out of Reach • Reserves of Manpower • Winter is Coming….
Limits of Blitzkrieg • Counted on a Four Month Campaign • Far From Supply Lines • Not Prepared for Cold Weather
Siege of Moscow, October 1941 • Initial German Success • Nazis 40 Miles Away • Lenin’s Coffin Removed • 700,000 Russian POWs
Zhukov and “General Winter” • Nazis Have No Winter Gear • Temperatures Hit 40 Below Zero, Celsius • Nazis Have No Winter Oils • Zhukov and the Siberian Reserves, December 6, 1941
“Comrade Kill Your German” • Momentum Shift • 300,000 Germans Killed or POW in December Alone • Bitter Nature of the War • American Entry • Two Front War by Spring
Stalingrad, Sept 1942-Jan 1943 • German losses exceed 250,000 men • Worst fighting of the war • Major turning point in the war • Surrender of Paulus and the Sixth Army
German Assault on Stalingrad German Disaster at Stalingrad
Reasons for Russian Recovery • Quantity has a quality all its own • Industry • Russian patriotism • Changes in Russian doctrine • Lend-Lease as the vehicle for Deep War theory • Diplomatic isolation of Japan • Second Front?
Russia’s Great Fatherland War • 20,000,000 Russian dead – at least • Russia in firm control of Eastern Europe and plan to keep it • Mistrust with west • Russian army powerful, efficient by 1945 • Russians able to absorb huge casualties