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Institutions of American Government

Institutions of American Government. Module 4.3: The Bureaucracy Section 4: Classes of Federal Bureaucracy. The Federal Bureaucracy in 1789. The Federal Bureaucracy Today. Cabinet Departments. “Main Line” executive departments Created/funded by Congress Usually headed by a secretary

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Institutions of American Government

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  1. Institutions of American Government Module 4.3: The Bureaucracy Section 4: Classes of Federal Bureaucracy

  2. The Federal Bureaucracy in 1789

  3. The Federal Bureaucracy Today

  4. Cabinet Departments • “Main Line” executive departments • Created/funded by Congress • Usually headed by a secretary • Secretary appointed by PotUS, confirmed by Senate • Reports to PotUS • Administers broad areas of public policy

  5. Cabinet Organization Political Appointments Direct Appointments Or civil service assignment Civil Service System (OPM & MSPB)

  6. Independent Executive Agencies • Created/funded by Congress • Usually headed by a Director • Director appointed by PotUS, confirmed by Senate • Director reports to PotUS • Administers narrow, specific areas of public policy

  7. Organization of IEAs Political Appointment Direct appointment Civil Service System (OPM & MSPB)

  8. Independent Regulatory Agencies • Created/funded by Congress • Usually headed by a Commissioner or Board of Directors • Board chairman usually appointed by PotUS & confirmed by Senate • Board members may be appointed by PotUS or by Congress • Administers policy independent of both PotUS & Congress • Regulates specific areas of US Economy

  9. Organization of Regulatory Agencies Appointment by PotUS or by Congress Appointment by Regulatory Board Civil Service System (OPM & MSPB) Appointment by Regulatory Board

  10. The Controversy over Regulatory Agencies Legislative power Executive Power Judicial Power All in the Same Agency!

  11. Government Corporations • Created by Congress • Not necessarily funded by Congress • Most positions appointed according to OPM & MSPB regulations & procedures • Few positions subject to PotUS or Congressional appointment • Generally provide products and/or services to the public for a fee • Organized according to management models in the private sector

  12. Organization of Government Corporations Direct appointment by Governing Board Civil Service System (OPM & MSPB)

  13. Government Contracts • Private companies • Provide products & services to Government on a contractual basis • Employees hold GS-ratings and may hold security clearances • Generally not subject to OPM & MSPB regulation • Contracts may be awarded through competitive bidding or through exclusive “no-bid” contracts

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