Developing World Characteristics and Socio-economic Indicators of Developing Regions

1. Developing World Characteristics and Socio-economic Indicators of Developing Regions Ivana Raslavská

2. Theoretical approaches in socioeconomic development Paradigm: • Liberal paradigm • Realist paradigm Theoretical approaches: • classicistic and neoclassic theories • structuralistic theories • historical approach

3. Development in process of globalisation • Liberal approach – negative impact of globalisation have just temporary character in the form of negative externalities • Realistic approach – globalisation have positive impact on countries which implement racional economic policy • Criticism of liberal and neoliberal approaches – understand power like negative influence in global economic relationships.

4. What does it mean developing world? Nonexistence of common terminology: • 1949 – Truman speech – underdeveloped areas • 50s and 60s of 20th century - Developing world • 1952 – Alfred Sauvy – Third World • Contemporary - Developing countries or Global South

5. How do we measure development? • GDP p./c. States with low income < 975 USD States with lower middle income 976 - 3,855 USD States with higher middle income 3,856 - 11,905 USD States with highest income > 11,906 • HDI Low human development < 0,5 Medium human development 0,5 – 0,8 High human development > 0,8 as of 2008

6. Human development index Source: Human Developmet Report 2007/2008, UNDP, 2007

7. Other methodologies • Human Poverty Index (for developing countries) – HPI-1 • Gender Related Index – GRI • Gender Empowerment Measure – GEM • Technology Achievement Index - TAI Source: Human Developmet Reports 2001- 2007/2008, UNDP

8. Poverty • multidimensional phenomenon • Lack of basic needs for living • Malnutrition, diseases, no or lack of education, bad access to water and sanitary devices, violence and criminality, lack of politic freedom, vulnerable human rights... • Typical problems • Autocratic politic regimes, corruption, specific demographic growth, disordered social system, unfavourable natural and climatic conditions, psychological factors...

9. Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Zdroj: http://www.unohrlls.org/en/ldc/related/62/

10. Lowconsumption Aid delivered to developing countries Root theory for foreign development „aid“is the theory of „vicious circle of poverty“:

11. How to break „vicious circle of poverty“? • Foreign direct investments • International Trade • Development cooperation

12. International Development cooperation I Relief emergency, acute crisis short-term objectives Rehabilitation post-conflict/crisis midterm objectives Development stable situation, legitimate partners long-term objectives

13. International Development cooperation II Governmental Official development cooperation Nongovernmental private sector (a.s., s.r.o.), third sector (n.o., o.z., nadácia) Bilateral Multilateral

14. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development • 21 quantifiable targets, 60 indicators

15. Thank you for your attention Contact: raslavska@clovekvohrozeni.sk