President’s Review

1. President’s Review • Name the first three presidents in order with the years they were president (tenure).

2. Presidents • Washington (1789-1797) • Adams (1797-1801) • Jefferson (1801-1809)

3. James Madison 1809 - 1817 • War of 1812 • Impressment • Tecumseh • Battle of Tippecanoe • Battle of Ft. McHenry • Treaty of Ghent • Battle of New Orleans Perry Monument, Put-in-Bay, OH World’s tallest Doric Column (click pic for google maps) Click pic for Song of the Battle of New Orleans

4. War of 1812 The Second American Revolution?

5. Causes • British impressment an issue of freedom of the seas • British reluctance to allow trade with the West Indies • British garrisons in the Northwest Territories blamed for inciting Indian attacks on U.S. settlers

6. Tecumseh • Efforts to prevent white expansion into Indian territories • Unification efforts to bring the Shawnee and other Indian groups along the Mississippi into an alliance

7. Battle of Tippecanoe • William Henry Harrison, governor of Ohio Territory attacks the Shawnee encampment at Tippecanoe Creek, July 1811 • Tecumpseh joined forces with the British after the war broke out. He died at the Battle of the Thames in Canada.

8. So how did the war begin? • Poor negotiations with the British • British continue to seize ships • War Hawks demand end to British influence in the Northwest Territories Henry Clay, Kentucky John C. Calhoun, S.C.

10. Washington, D.C. burns July 1814 • After U.S. blamed for the burning of the British Canadian capital of York (present day Toronto), British commanders ordered the burning of government buildings in the U.S. capital • Dolly Madison escapes the White House with some important possessions—especially the Gilbert Stuart painting of George Washington • British attempt further attacks at Baltimore

11. Fort McHenry at Baltimore

12. Francis Scott Key on board British ship watching the bombardment of Ft. McHenry.

13. The Star Spangled Banner, America's most famous flag and a highlight of any visit, is the flag that inspired the national anthem.

14. Star Spangled Banner Video

15. 30’ X42’

17. Our National Anthem • Francis Scott Key wrote the poem in 1814 • By the 1850’s it was in schoolbooks • 1931 Congress designated the national anthem

18. End of the War • British send a force of 8,000 to attack New Orleans (Dec. 1815 & Jan. 1816)

19. Andrew Jackson and 5,000 U.S. westerners prepare to defend New Orleans • 2000 British deaths, 8 (or 13) U.S. deaths • Unfortunately, the war was already over when the battle occurred.

20. The Treaty of Ghent???

21. Effects • Treaty of Ghent – old boundaries restored • Inc. need for strong peace time army • Inc. sense of nationalism • Weakens Native American resistance • Treasury empty, capital burned, trade slowed

22. Two different perspectives of what happened…