Project work School - #12 Name – E. Litvinova M. Bessmertnaya

1. Муниципальное бюджетное общеобразовательное • учреждение средняя общеобразовательная школа с углубленным изучением английскогоязыка № 12 Project work School - #12 Name – E. Litvinova M. Bessmertnaya Form – 10C Teacher – N.P.Dmitrieva

2. The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially the XXII Olympic Winter Games, or the 22nd Winter Olympics, will be celebrated from 7 to 23 February 2014, in Sochi,Russia, with some events held in the resort town of Krasnaya Polyana. Ninety-eight events in fifteen winter sports will be held. Both the Olympic and Paralympic Games are being organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOC). The Sochi Olympics are the first Winter Olympics (and first Olympics altogether) for the Russian Federation, as the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow were in the Soviet Union.

3. Ecology The organizing committee of the 2014 Sochi Olympics has set itself the ambitious task of not only preserving local nature during preparations for the 2014 Winter Olympic Games, but essentially improving it, setting prerequisites for new ecological standards to be used all across the country. Everything is being done to bring Sochi in line with top environmental demands, be it new sewage disposal systems or waste-processing complexes or electricity and water supply networks. A unique program to restore the population of Caucasian mountain leopards has also been lauched.

4. Sochi was elected on 4 July 2007 by the members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) at the 119th Session in Guatemala City. Seven cities, namely Sochi (Russian Federation), Salzburg (Austria), Jaca (Spain), Almaty (Kazakhstan), PyeongChang (Republic of Korea), Sofia (Bulgaria) and Borjomi (Georgia) - in the order of drawing of lots - initially submitted applications to host the 2014 Olympic Winter Games. Based on the report by a working group, three of the seven cities were unanimously selected by the IOC’s Executive Board as Candidate Cities at its meeting on 22 June 2006:   - Sochi (Russian Federation)     - Salzburg (Austria)    - PyeongChang (Republic of Korea) The final decision on the host city for the XXII Olympic Winter Games was made by the full IOC membership during the 119th IOC Session in Guatemala City on 4 July 2007. Sochi was elected in the second round with 51 votes, compared to PyeongChang’s 47.

5. Olympic torch relay starts in Moscow on October 7, 2013 and will end in Sochi, February 7, 2014. According to the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games, the baton will be the longest in history - 123 days, the longest - more than 40,000 kilometers. The Olympic flame will be carried through the capitals of all 83 constituents of the Russian Federation.

6. Mascot • On 26 February 2011, the final results of the public vote during the live television show "Talismaniya Sochi 2014 – The Final” were announced the Hareon the first Channel. The election council made the decision that the top-three characters with the maximum number of votes would all become the Olympic Winter Games mascots: • the Polar Bear, • the Leopard • All three animals are indigenous to Southern Russia in the Caucasus Mountains near Sochi.

7. Fifteen winter sport disciplines, organized as seven olympic sports, were included in the 2014 Winter Olympics. The three skating sports disciplines were: figure skating, speed skating, and short track speed skating. The six skiing sport disciplines were: alpine, cross-country skiing, freestyle, Nordic combined, ski jumping and snowboarding. The two bobsleigh sports disciplines are: bobsleigh and skeleton. The other four sports were: biathlon, curling, hockey, and luge. A total of twelve new events will be contested to make it the largest Winter Olympics to date. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each sports discipline

8. New Sochi 2014 events When the IOC met in April of 2011, there were a total of five new eventsadded for Sochi 2014. This list included a figure skating team event, the biathlon mixed relay, the luge team relay, and the ski halfpipe (men and women). The long awaited women's ski jumping event will be featured at the next Winter Olympics.

9. Sochi 2014 Olympics locations Sochi 2014 will be the most compact Winter Games in the history of the Olympic Movement. It will be possible to get from one venue to another in just a matter of minutes and all Olympic and Paralympic competition will take place in the same venues. Eleven athletic venues will be built for the Sochi 2014 Games, which will be divided into two clusters—mountain and coastal Each cluster will contain an Olympic Village. Coastal Cluster The central focus of the coastal cluster will be the Olympic Park. It will connect up all competition venues, the parking zone and the infrastructure elements. For the first time in the history of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, all ice arenas will be within walking distance of one other. Mountain Cluster The Mountain Cluster will include Biathlon and Ski Complexes, a Bobsleigh Track, a Ski Center, a Ski Jump Complex, as well as a Snowboard Park and Freestyle Center.

10. For Spectators 5,500 Olympic athletes, 1,350 Paralympic athletes, 25,000 volunteers, and 13,000 members of the press will come to the Games in Sochi. Sports venues in the Olympic Park will be visited daily by more than 75,000 people, and the Games' television audience will be approximately 3 billion viewers! In addition, residents of Russia's major cities will be able to watch a live television broadcast of the Olympic events at specially equipped Olympic sites called Live Sites. The Live Sites will be traditional celebration sites in city centers which will be equipped with big screens, sound, light, and a stage for people to watch the Games together, experience the atmosphere, and celebrate the victories of Russian athletes. It is expected that a total of up to 30 million people will visit the Live Sites, so almost every family in Russia will be able to be part of the Games in Sochi.

11. Exactly 365 days before the Olympic Games in Sochi in many Russian cities were running countdown clock, which you can observe how many days, hours, minutes and seconds left until the opening of the Olympics. For example, the Olympic countdown clock in Nizhny Novgorod, Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg,Pyatigorsk, Rostov-on-Don, St. Petersburg and Moscow.

12. Paralympic Winter Games

13. The 2014 Winter Paralympics, officially known as the XI Paralympic Winter Games, will be held from March 7 to March 16, 2014 in Sochi, Russia. On 4 July 2007 the International Olympic Committee selected Sochi as host of the games. This will be the first time Russia has hosted the Paralympics and will be the début of Para-snowboarding at the Winter Paralympics. Some facts from history The first Winter Paralympic Games were held in 1976 in Örnsköldsvik , Sweden. This was the first Paralympics in which multiple categories of athletes with disabilities could compete. The Winter Games were celebrated every four years on the same year as their summer counterpart, just as the Olympics were. This tradition was upheld until the 1992 Games in Albertville, France; after that, beginning with the 1994 Games, the Winter Paralympics and the Winter Olympics have been held in those even numbered years separate from the Summer Games. Sports The sports scheduled to be competed in Sochi include:  Alpine skiing  Biathlon  Cross-country skiing  Wheelchair curling  Sledge hockey 20pxSnowboarding

14. Interesting Facts With an average February temperature of 8.3 °C (42.8 °F) and having a humid subtropical climate, Sochi will be the warmest city to have ever hosted a Winter Olympic Games. An interesting fact is that the Summer Olimpic Games that were held in Moscow and the Winter Olimpic Games 2014 have the twenty second number

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