Who is the enemy?

1. Who is the enemy? http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/ISI/I-BC009.jpg

2. What is propaganda? • information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some causewww.cogsci.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/webwn2.1 • Propaganda were a synthpop group formed in Germany in the early 1980s by Andreas Thein and Ralf D rper, later adding third member Michael Mertens. Following a limited-release single in Germany, they were spotted by Trevor Horn and signed to his ZTT label.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_(band) • Propaganda is a specific type of message presentation aimed at serving an agenda. At its root, the denotation of propaganda is 'to propagate (actively spread) a philosophy or point of view'. The most common use of the term (historically) is in political contexts; in particular to refer to certain efforts sponsored by governments or political groups.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda • (joint) Any form of communication in support of national objectives designed to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes, or behavior of any group in order to benefit the sponsor, either directly or indirectly. (JP 1-02)www.liberalsagainstterrorism.com/wiki/index.php/Counterinsurgency_Operations/Glossary • The systematic propagation of information reflecting the views and interests of those people advocating such a doctrine or cause.www.p38lessonplan.com/termsE.html • False or partly false information used by a government or political party intended to sway the opinions of the population.fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/resource/glossary.htm

3. Vocabulary Terms to know: • Propaganda: • Racism • Ethnocentrism/Ethnocentric • Stereotypes • Nationalism • Cultural Stereotypes

4. World War One Or, also called, “The Great War” (1914-1918)

5. James Montgomery Flagg painted this image of “Uncle Sam” for the US government during the first world war. http://www.earthstation1.com/MerchantPics/Propaganda_Posters/I_Want_You_jk.TN.jpg

6. http://www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/n1.jpg • Questions and ideas to consider: • What is the obvious message in this poster? • Who is this message aimed towards? • What propaganda technique is being utilized? • What are some of the symbols being used to convey a message? • Would this poster work today? Why or why not?

7. Some questions to consider: • What is the propaganda technique being utilized here? • Who is the intended audience? • What might some of the symbols mean? • Who was Pershing? • Why might the artist have intentionally used the word ‘crusader’ in this poster? • Read the last line on the poster. What does this mean? Is it true and consistent? • Would this poster work today? Why or why not? • Look carefully and find details in the poster. • Cultural • Racial • Religious http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/images/pp_us_42.jpg

8. A few questions to think about. • What is the propaganda technique used here? • What is the message the artist is trying to convey? • Find 5 details in the poster-or things in the poster that strike you as odd. • What does autocracy mean, and how is it related to the poster and/or the first world war? • How does the word poverty fit into the overall message of this poster? • What might a “war savings stamp’ be? How could it be used? • Who might this poster appeal to? • Would this poster work today? Why or why not? http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/images/pp_us_42.jpg

9. A few things to think about, regarding this poster. • Notice, we finally see an American fighting an enemy. How come this poster has this scene in it, while the others did not? • How is the enemy depicted/shown in this poster? • What is the overall message of this poster? • How does the artist convey a sense of action? Fear? Violence? Victory? • Find 5 details in this poster. • Look at the words and phrases used. What might this convey to the viewer? • Who is this poster intended for? • How might a German citizen/soldier see this poster? • Would this type of propaganda poster work today? Why or why not? http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/images/pp_us_67.jpg

10. Questions to think about: • What is being utilized here [racism? ethnocentrism? Stereotypes?] • What symbols and techniques are evident in this picture? • What might the following details mean: • 1. The club • 2. the ruins in the background • 3. the woman • 4. the ‘brute’ • 5. the writing • 6. the blood • 7. the nudity • 4. What are two messages the artist wants to convey in this poster? • 5. Who is this poster directed to? • 6. Would this poster appeal to be people today? Why or why not? http://img10.exs.cx/img10/4636/ww1_us050a_HR_Hopps.jpg

11. Some things to consider about this poster. • Who is “The Hun” and why is this term used in this poster, and not earlier ones? • Find five details or symbolic elements used by the artist to convey a propaganda message or idea. • How come….. • 1. …there is a little girl used? • 2….the little girl is naked? • 3….there is fire all over the place? • 4….the American soldier is unarmed? • 4. Who is this poster intended for? • 5. Is this poster more or less effective than the others? • 6. Would this technique work today? Why or why not? http://www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/n15.jpg

12. Some questions to consider about this poster. • Look carefully for 5 details in this poster. • What are some obvious and non-obvious symbols and images being used to convey ideas? • What is the Navy supposed to stop? • How is the uniform of this soldier different from uniforms that have previously been depicted? • What is the overt/obvious message of this poster? • What type of propaganda is being utilized? • Would this poster work today? Why or why not? http://www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/n3.jpg

13. Some questions to consider about this poster. • Find 5 details in this poster that the artist used to convey a message or meaning. • How come children are being used? • Consider the following phrases: “Halt the Hun” and “Hun or Home.” What do they mean? Why are they similar? • How is the enemy portrayed in this poster? • How come there are no actual photographs being used in any of the propaganda posters? (the technology was available at the time) • How is the girl depicted differently than in the past? • What colors are used? How could this give meaning to the poster? • Would this propaganda be effective today? Why or why not? http://www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/n18.jpg

14. World War Two The war started on September 1, 1939, but US involvement did not begin until after December 7, 1941-after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The actual war years were 1939-1945.

15. This was the typical recruiting poster during world war two used by the United States Government. It is similar to the one used in the first world war. http://www.archives.gov/research_room/research_topics/world_war_2_photos/images/ww2_09.jpg

16. Besides color-what are 5 differences between 1941 (left) vs. 1917 (right) ?

17. A few questions about this poster… • What type of propaganda is being used here? • How are colors and composition important to convey a message? • How is this male different from other American males previously shown on propaganda posters? • What is the overt message of this poster? • How is someone supposed to “avenge” and who should they “avenge” against? • Why is the date important? • Would this poster work today? Why or why not? http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.floridamemory.com/FloridaHighlights/wwiiposters/pstr-2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.floridamemory.com/FloridaHighlights/wwiiposters/wwiiposter.cfm&h=633&w=500&sz=47&tbnid=gnrNHT6e6CIJ:&tbnh=135&tbnw=106&hl=en&start=33&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dworld%2Bwar%2B2%2B%252Bposters%26start%3D20%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN

18. Consider: • The symbols used. • The colors used to convey a message. • The placement of objects in the poster. • How the Germans (‘the enemy’) are depicted here as opposed to the first world war. • The use or words and images for a complete effect. • Who could this poster be aimed to? • Would it work today? Why or why not? http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.freehomepages.com/jweyand1/vdgirl.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freehomepages.com/jweyand1/ww2.html&h=482&w=350&sz=36&tbnid=WxoaJ7AwcAQJ:&tbnh=126&tbnw=91&hl=en&start=46&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dworld%2Bwar%2B2%2B%252Bposters%26start%3D40%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN

19. Some questions about this propaganda poster to consider: • What are some of the symbols used in this poster? • How do we know it is a German? • Who is this poser intended to reach? • What does this poster say about the character is the German soldier? • So, who is the enemy? • When do you think this poster was created (year) and why? How might it be different if it was created later? • How would German soldiers/citizens view this piece of propaganda? • Would this poster work today? Why or why not? http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery;jsessionid=idmf74n70u4l?method=4&dsname=Wikipedia+Images&dekey=PropagandaNaziStabsBible.gif&gwp=8&sbid=lc03b

20. Consider the following about this poster: • How do we know who the enemy is? • How is the enemy shown?(5 details) • What is the overt message of this picture? • What type of propaganda is being used? • How are these soldiers different than the way Germans were shown? http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.freehomepages.com/jweyand1/vdgirl.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freehomepages.com/jweyand1/ww2.html&h=482&w=350&sz=36&tbnid=WxoaJ7AwcAQJ:&tbnh=126&tbnw=91&hl=en&start=46&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dworld%2Bwar%2B2%2B%252Bposters%26start%3D40%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN

21. Some questions about this piece of propaganda: • How are the two enemies depicted? • What symbols are used to convey a specific message? (5 details) • How is the depiction of “the enemy” different in this poster compared to other posters? • What are 3 different meanings from this single poster that you can think of? • Which of our enemy is depicted in a racially insensitive manner? How? • Which enemy looks more sinister? Why? • How come the weapons are different? What does this suggest? • When might this poster have been created?(year? Events? • What does this poster say about our own fears and ideas? http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.freehomepages.com/jweyand1/vdgirl.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freehomepages.com/jweyand1/ww2.html&h=482&w=350&sz=36&tbnid=WxoaJ7AwcAQJ:&tbnh=126&tbnw=91&hl=en&start=46&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dworld%2Bwar%2B2%2B%252Bposters%26start%3D40%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN

22. Questions about the poster: • What is the overt message? • What does Aryan mean? • Who was Goebbels? • Who is this poster intended for? • Who or what is Goebbels supposed to be? • Find 5 details in this poster. • Is this racially motivated? Culturally? Ethnocentrism? Explain how each of these terms could be used to describe this piece of propaganda? • Would this poster work today-and if so, who would the person be? http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery;jsessionid=idmf74n70u4l?method=4&dsname=Wikipedia+Images&dekey=What+is+an+aryan.jpg&gwp=8&sbid=lc03b

23. Questions: • Find 5 symbols that are used in this poster. • How are our “enemies” depicted in this poster. How is this different from other posters? How is it the same? • Who is this poster aimed towards and why? • When might this poster have been produced? • Are our “enemies” wounded or bloodthirsty or both or neither? Explain your reasoning. • Where is the “location” that this poster is supposed to take place? • What are the social, political, militaristic and cultural elements involved in this poster that make it useful as a propaganda tool? http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery;jsessionid=idmf74n70u4l?method=4&dsname=Wikipedia+Images&dekey=PropagandaNaziJapaneseMonster.gif&gwp=8&sbid=lc03b

24. Some questions: • What are some symbols in this poster? Find 5 of them. • What is being used: Race? Ethnocentrism? Cultural ethnocentrism? Nationalism? • How is the depiction of the American different in this poster than in previous ones? • How is the depiction of the “enemy” different or similar as in past posters? • What are 3 different interpretations about the text of the poster? What sort of words are used and why? • Is this a poster about defeat or victory or both or neither? Explain • What might the overall message of this poster be? Defend your answer with details. http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery;jsessionid=idmf74n70u4l?method=4&dsname=Wikipedia+Images&dekey=Anti-Japan2.gif&gwp=8&sbid=lc03b

25. Some questions: • What is the message of this poster and why? • Who is this poster aimed at? • How is the “enemy” depicted in this poster. Is this consistent with other depictions? • What has “taking the day off” got to do with the war? • Who might have “sponsored” the ad (look carefully) and why? • Is this the kind of poster that a defeated or victorious nation might use and why? • Would this sort of poster work today? Why or why not? http://www.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/f/f9/200px-AntiJapanesePropagandaTakeDayOff.gif

26. What is the meaning of this poster? • What are some cultural, nationalistic, militaristic elements in this picture? • Who is this poster aimed at and why? • How is this different from any other poster we have yet looked at? • What event or war does this poster deal with, if any? Explain. • Could this poster have been used in the First World War, or the Second World War? Why or why not? • Is this propaganda? http://www.mala.bc.ca/~soules/media205/205week6.htm