Evaluation of hazardous Sites in Baden - Württemberg

1. Evaluation of hazardous Sites in Baden - Württemberg Referat 44 – Altlasten, Schadenfälle Dr. Rolf Hahn Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg Griesbachstraße 1 76185 Karlsruhe rolf.hahn@lubw.bwl.de Tel.: (0721)5600-1212 Fax: -1521

2. Evaluation of hazardous Sites in Baden-Württemberg Historical investigation finished in 2002 (Proceedings in 5 years) • study of files • evaluation of aerial photographs • viewing of location Results 82.000 Sites (waste dump sites and hazardous abandoned industrial sites). Initial suspicion confirmed for 11.000 Sites (= 20 %) Considerable entry of contaminant into the soil are expected 7.700 Industrial Sites 3.300 Waste dump Sites Area: 120 km2

3. Risk assessment in several steps

4. Identification Inventory suspected sites Historical investigation

5. Immediate measures to ward Hazards no contaminated site Assessment Risk assessment site under suspiction to be contaminated Supervision by Authorities Orientation investigation Immediate measures to ward Hazards no contaminated site Assessment site still under suspiction to be contaminated Supervision by Authorities Detail investigation Immediate measures to ward Hazards no contaminated site Assessment Supervision by Authorities,Self-Monitoring Contaminated site

6. Remediation and Monitoring Remedial investigation Remediation plan Remediation /protection and restriction measures Self- Monitoring after Remediation/ Protection and restriction measuresSupervision by Authorities,Self- Monitoring

7. Aim: expand knowledge about a site in each step • set of priorities • eliminate sites from process Distinguish between the different environmental resources to be protected • groundwater • surface water • soil • air

8. Historical investigation: risk assessment Minimum information • type of area • community • address • field name (register of lands) • geographical coordinates Information for the way of acting • business negative list: e.g.. pharmacy plumbing shoemaker

9. type of dump site, type of industry • active time period • business specific contaminants • accidents • interruption times • area use Information for the set of priorities (ranking) • hazard of the material • environmental persistance • point of assessment • matrix effects • importance of the resource to be protected

10. The data set can be found generally in archives: • aerial photography (allied flights) • city maps, topography maps • on-site work • business registration • address lists (street names often changes) Next step Orientation investigation • initial systematic measurements • related resources to be protected

11. Flstk Flstk 1791 1791 Road Straße Tank - gas station stelle Flstk Flstk 1793 1793 Faßlager barrel depot electroplating plant Galvanik house Whs Flstk Flstk 1791 1791 Straße Road Flstk Flstk 1793 1793 scrap yard Schrottplatz Whs house not locatable Verdacht locatable Verdacht no suspicion kein Verdacht Case 1 Herd of pollutant locatable Case 2 Spatial not locatable refuse dump suspicion Suspicion facts and sample points

12. Principle of Evaluation (Ranking)Risk for need of action is joined with the risk after priority setting • relative procedure • 5 steps • hazard of material (site-independent value)robased on toxicological, physical, chemical, geolocial and environmental criteriamultiplier m to account for risk enhancement or reduction effects of local factors m-values range from -0,5 to +1,5 with 1,0 equal to “environmentally neutral”

13. environmental persistance rI =roxmI (transport in the unsaturated Zone) • point of assessment , i. e. the entry of contaminantsto the resource • (threshold or trigger values are exceeded)rII= rIx mII • matrix effects regarding the transport of contaminants • (hydrogeological) rIII = rII x mIII • importance of the resource rIV = rIII x mIV • (water resource area) Because of the soil protecting law from 1999 we have divided our system in the 2 parts • need of action (see legal text) • ranking (see the principles above)

14. „Use of On-Site Analytic“

15. First experiences on test-sites in Baden-Württemberg since 1987 Manual „Use of On-Site Analytic“ in 2001

18. Basic principles Definition: measurement of analytical data, on-site and outside chemical laboratories; immediately or within a short times. Practical relevance: low-cost methods; simple Focus: portable analyses and sensors/ probes (field photometers, PID, FID, EIA, XRF)

19. On-site analysis - Methods and types

20. immuno assay test kits Atomic absorption spec­troscopy (AAS) IR spectroscopy UV spectroscopy gas testing tube gas sensors thin-layer chromatography Ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) GC Mass spektros­copy (GC-MS) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Gas chromatography(GC) flame / photoionisation detector (PID/FID) Test kits indicator tests

21. Application Strategy Strategy Chart Criteria which are taken into consideration • the required quality of the measuring results • the instrument-specific properties The strategy is an iterative process Individual planning stages canbe repeated several times.

22. Strategy chart for the application of on-site analysis

23. Application area There are 5 main categories of tasks: Investigation: Determination of pollution and spatial distribution in the soil using random or selected investigation grid patterns. Accident analysis: Determination of spatial distribution (extension) and mobility of a known pollutant taking into account any given time limits.

24. Remediation: Activities to support the monitoring of remediation and safety measures, such as the control of material flows or soil treatment systems, within a specified timeframe. Long-term monitoring: Long-term monitoring of contaminated sites or remediation acitivities, for example, specialised technical monitoring following remediation work or monitoring of long-term measures, such as the removal of soil gas by means of suction. Maintenance of industrial health and safety standards: Determination of the concentration of a pollutant and its time-related distribution with due consideration to the specific industrial safety requirements.

25. Dynamic work plan Selection of equipment In addition with Annex 2 of the manual (equipment data) pre-selections are possible Selection of appropriate field instruments

26. Sampling Criteria for sampling planning and procedure

27. Thank you for your interest!