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Module 1: Animal Emergency Management for Veterinary and Animal Professionals Module 2: Bio-Defense and Zoonoses. Module 1: Animal Emergency Management for Veterinary and Animal Professionals.
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Module 1: Animal Emergency Management for Veterinary and Animal ProfessionalsModule 2: Bio-Defense and Zoonoses
Module 1: Animal Emergency Management for Veterinary and Animal Professionals To provide an overview of the knowledge, skills and abilities that enable veterinary and other animal professionals to effectively participate in the Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps and local animal emergency response programs. Objective:
Target Audience • Veterinarians • Certified Veterinary Technicians • Animal Control Officers • Animal Welfare Professionals • Veterinary Students • Veterinary Support Staff • Administrative Support Staff
CO VMRC Training Program • FEMA IS 100 and IS 700 • Unit 1: Animal emergency management for veterinary and animal professionals • Unit 2: Bio-defense and biological risk management • Unit 3: Overview of CBRNE hazards for veterinary professionals • Unit 4: Personal preparedness and business contingency planning
Under What Authority Does CO VMRC Operate? • Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9 • Designates agriculture and food systems as critical infrastructures • Directs federal agencies to take specific steps to protect food and agricultural systems
PETS Act Pet Evacuation and Transportation Act of 2006-signed into law October 2006 Stafford Act amendment Requires state and local plans for household pets and service animals Allows FEMA cost-sharing for services in support of people with household pets and service animals Allows FEMA director to make contributions for preparedness
Animal Populations (Mission Areas) • Companion animals • Production livestock and poultry • Backyard livestock and poultry • Service/assistance animals • Law enforcement/search and rescue animals • Laboratory animals • Captive wildlife • Native wildlife
What are the animal and agricultural concerns in disasters? • Public safety • Public and animal health • Agro-security • Animal welfare • Service/police animals • Wildlife/environment
Public Safety Impacts People will risk their lives to protect animals Can put themselves and responders at risk Redeployment of law enforcement resources This is not just a companion animal issue Operation Pet Rescue: 1996 Weyauwega, Wisconsin
Public Health and Zoonosis Public health and animal health issues intersect broadly Veterinary professionals are essential in addressing zoonotic disease issues during disasters A zoonosis is any infectious disease that can be transmitted from non-human animals, both wild and domestic, to humans or from humans to non-human animals.
Examples of Zoonotic Diseases Rabies West Nile Virus H1N1 Anthrax Brucellosis Tuberculosis Rabies Giardia Salmonella Influenza Plague Q Fever Gram positive bipolar-staining organisms of Yersinia pestis
Animal Agriculture as a Critical Infrastructure • Basic necessities: • Food/water • Shelter • Warmth • Food supply systems • Vulnerable at multiple points • Critical “farm to fork” food pipeline • Economic impacts • Non-economic impacts
United States Agricultural Economy • US tops world in food production • World’s largest exporter of agricultural products • Animal agriculture >$100 billion • Crop agriculture >$100 billion • 17% of jobs connected to food/agriculture • 13% of gross domestic product • <<10% of income goes to buy food
Service Animals Seeing-eye dogs Hearing assistance Hospital visits Mobility assistance Medical warning Seizures Medical detection Mental health therapy
Law Enforcement and Emergency Response Animals Canine Enforcement/patrol Drug and explosive detection Search and rescue Equine Patrol/search Crowd control
Captive/Concentrated Animal Populations Laboratory animals Zoos, sanctuaries, wildlife parks Commercial breeding/pet retail Kennels/veterinary hospitals
Native Wildlife Impacts on critical environments or endangered species Impacts of animal diseases • Brucellosis (Yellowstone) • Foot and Mouth Disease • West Nile Virus • H1N1 (Swine Flu)
Animals in the State of Colorado Colorado (2009 estimate) 5+ million people 2 million households Up to 60% of households with pets 2.5 animals per household 3+ million dogs, cats, and birds Add rabbits, rodents, ferrets, reptiles, etc.
Colorado Horses and Other Livestock Species Horses: 145,000-225,000+ All Cattle: 2,400,000 Mature dairy cows: 98,000 Mature beef cows: 710,000 Sheep & goats: 420,000+ Poultry: <20,000,000 (variable) Swine: 770,000 Captive deer, elk, bison Llamas, alpacas Emu, ostrich
Definitions Hazards Threats of all types Vulnerability People, property of systems that are subject to hazards Consequence Degree of potential impact Risk Overall sum of hazard, vulnerability, and consequence
Colorado Weather Hazards • Tornado • Blizzard • Ice storms • Hail • Wind • Lightning • Mudslide • Avalanche • Floods • Drought (wildfire)
Geological Hazards Earthquake Trinidad area 2001, series with largest at 4.6 Rocky Mountain National Park November 7, 1882 Estimated near 6.2 Richter Latest estimates max impact= $24 billion damages, 800 fatalities Volcanic eruption Mount Saint Helens Tsunami (Pacific coastal)
Wildfire Natural, Accidental, Intentional Low to high impact Usually April-October Risk magnified by large wilderness-urban interface areas Hayman Fire Four Mile Canyon Fire Wildfires are a threat every year
Animal Welfare Emergencies Animal “hoarders” and large-scale cruelty Dozens or even hundreds of animals kept under terrible conditions May exceed local capacity to provide care
Other Hazards Accidental Hazardous Chemical spills/releases Nuclear/radiological hazards Infrastructure failure Power blackouts, dams, bridges, buildings Accidental explosions Transportation accidents Major urban fires
Intentional Threats CBRNE: Chemical Biological People, animals, crops Radiological Nuclear Explosive Extortion, hoaxes and fraud Market manipulation
Emergency Management Priorities Protection of human life/health Protection of property Protection of the environment For many people, animals are the top property priority Providing animal emergency management services allows all of these priorities to be achieved
All-Hazards Emergency Management Flexible to adapt to all emergency situations Standardized to improve overall response and interoperability. Comprehensive Emergency Management
National Incident Management System www.fema.gov/nims
Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 Directed the development of a National Incident Management System and a new National Response Framework
National Incident Management System “…a consistent nationwide approach for federal, state, tribal, and local governments to work effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of cause, size, or complexity.”
National Response Framework The National Response Framework is built on the template of the National Incident Management System. It provides the structure and mechanisms for coordinating federal support to state, local and tribal incident managers … and for exercising direct federal authorities and responsibilities.
NIMS • Aligns command, control, organization structure, terminology, communication protocols and resources/resource-typing • Used for all events Resources Knowledge Abilities • NRF • Integrates and applies federal resources, knowledge, and abilities before, during and after incidents • Activated for Incidents of National Significance
Command and Management Preparedness Resource Management Communications and Information Management Supporting Technologies Ongoing Management and Maintenance Components of NIMS
Incident Commander Safety Officer Liaison Officer Information Officer Operations Section Planning Section Logistics Section Finance Section Basic Incident Command Structure IS-100 Incident Command Systems http://training.fema.gov/IS/crslist.asp
Statutory Authority Legal Authority is basis for incident command Local animal authorities Law enforcement Animal control Public health Emergency management State animal authorities State veterinarian Public health Emergency management Wildlife agencies Public safety Federal animal authorities USDA: livestock diseases HHS: public health impacts DHS: emergency management DOJ: Terrorism Colorado’s 9 Homeland Security Regions
Multi-Agency Coordination: National Response Plan Emergency Support Functions (ESF) ESF1: Transportation ESF2: Communications ESF3: Public works and engineering ESF4: Firefighting ESF5: Emergency management ESF6: Mass care, housing & human services (CO ESF 6A- Companion Animals) ESF7: Resource support ESF8: Public health and medical services ESF9: Urban search and rescue ESF10: Oil and hazardous materials response ESF11: Agriculture and natural resources ESF12: Energy ESF13: Public safety and security ESF14: Long term community recovery and mitigation ESF15: External affairs
State Multi-Agency Coordination Commercial Agricultural Production Emergency Management Agencies Veterinary Medicine Food Processing & Distribution Research Education Laboratory Animal/Agricultural Emergency Issues Regulatory Agencies General Public Foundations Animal Welfare Entities Law Enforcement & Counterterrorism Wildlife Agencies Public Health Voluntary Organizations Support Industries Media Transportation Public Works Elected Officials
Response Originates on the Local Level Multi-agency coordination Plan development Interoperable communications Resource development Equipment & supplies Training Professionals Volunteers Credentialing Citizen preparedness
Local Multi-Agency Coordination • Local Emergency Managers • Animal care and Control agencies • Law Enforcement • Brand Inspectors • Veterinary Community • CSU Extension • Animal Related industry • Fairgrounds • Livestock Associations • Kennels and pet Service Providers • Livestock Producers • Pet Breed Rescue and Associations • Community Public Health • Fire and EMS • County Mapping • Wildlife Agencies and Zoos • Concerned Individuals
Local Planning Matrix for Animal Issues Table of functions vs. community resources Combine with risk assessment Basis for building a written response plan Veterinary Care Evacuation Sheltering Rescue Disposal Animal control Animal shelter Veterinary Prof. • lead (L) • unified lead (U) • support (S) CSUExtension Livestock Assn.
Veterinary Specific Roles • Triage • Veterinary clinical care • Field care • Hospital care • Mass casualty care • Euthanasia • Biological risk management • Public health/medical support • Foreign animal disease support
Animal Disease Mission Tasks • Diagnosis • Quarantine • Surveillance • Epidemiology • Mortality management • Decontamination • Permits • Bio-security/compliance • Outreach/education • Mental health issues • Repopulation/recovery Goal is agricultural system continuity
Sheltering • Animal safety, security and bio-security • Identification and recordkeeping • Proof of ownership • Shelter situations • Permanent +/- expansion • Temporary • Temporary co-located • Co-shelter with people shelters is preferred
Animal Search and Rescue (ASAR) • NRF will provide: • ESF#9 (USAR) lead for rescuing people with animals • ESF#11 (ASAR) lead for rescue of animals • Need standardized training, typing, credentialing
Bio-Defense and Zoonoses Objectives: • Define terms related to bio-defense • List basic disease transmission routes • Give examples of Zoonotic agents • List examples of high consequence/emerging diseases • Describe hand hygiene/barrier protection • Identify basics of cleaning and disinfection • Identify the components of a biological risk management plan • Give examples of agricultural bio-security • List veterinary emergency biologic risk management/infection control roles • Discuss current zoonotic risks
Definitions • Bio-defense • Bio-security • Biological risk management • Infection Control • Zoonoses • Reportable disease • Foreign animal disease • Animal health emergency • Agro-terrorism • Agro-security