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How does media affect us as gendered individuals?. dominant critical discourse focuses on media’s representations. women (and people of color) are underrepresented existing representations are stereotypical. stereotyped representations. cultivate a false view of the world
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dominant critical discourse focuses on media’s representations • women (and people of color) are underrepresented • existing representations are stereotypical
stereotyped representations • cultivate a false view of the world • constitute a primer in dominant (i.e.. traditional) gender roles • normalize and naturalize structural relationships between men and women
dominant critical discourse focuses on media’s representations • women (and people of color) are underrepresented • existing representations are stereotypical • idealized images foster unreasonable comparisons lowered self-esteem, body image issues
problems with focusing on representation • discourse on media representations slips too easily into calls for censorship • prescriptive criticism of artistic products • reductionistic “common sense”: • focus on a media text without examining deeper structures and conditions that make it possible (the historical context) • downplay economy behind the media • oversimplify audience reception (hypodermic-needle media theory)
cultural studies approaches • “The Media” is not a unitary thing: pay attention to context • audience research (ethnography, fan cultures, reception studies) • dominant vs. resistant readings • discourse theory (many discourses internal and external to the media object)
two final propositions • the moral address of advertising discourse • the journalistic double standard—when discourses are “in the true”