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Early Intervention Benefits: Rationale For Screening Family interest in participation

Why Screen with Validated, Accurate Tools: Is this Truly Workable in Busy Clinics? Frances Page Glascoe Professor of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University. Early Intervention Benefits: Rationale For Screening Family interest in participation Better outcomes for participants:

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Early Intervention Benefits: Rationale For Screening Family interest in participation

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  1. Why Screenwith Validated, Accurate Tools: Is this Truly Workable in Busy Clinics?Frances Page GlascoeProfessor of PediatricsVanderbilt University

  2. Early Intervention Benefits: Rationale For Screening Family interest in participation Better outcomes for participants: Higher graduation rates, reduced teen pregnancy, higher employment rates, decreased criminality and violent crime $30,000 to >$100,000 benefit to society (1992 $$s) For every 1$ spent on EI, society saves 17$

  3. Early Detection/Referral Problems!! Only about 30% of children with substantial delays and disabilities are detected by their health care providerMost of those who manage to get detected, are not referredThus most children do not receive the benefits of early intervention that can prevent school failure, high school drop out, etc.

  4. Early Detection Problems!! 16% - 18% of children have developmental-behavioral difficulties and need special servicesRecent research (Pediatrics, July 2008) suggests 13% by age 2!Only 2% - 3% are enrolled in early interventionOnly 12% enrolled in special educationEnrollment rates in EI should be closer to 8% in the 0 - 4 age range (CDC, www.cdc.gov)

  5. Who are these children? Those with delays and disabilities (16% – 18% of the population). Of this group, common problems are: 1. language impairment (~45%) 2. learning disabilities (~30%)3. intellectual disabilities (~20%) 4. autism, motor disorders, brain injury, etc. (~5%) Those at-risk due to psychosocial disadvantage, an additional (10% - 12%) TOTAL = ~ 30%

  6. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy, Pediatrics, July 2006 Screening and Surveillance

  7. Eliciting and addressing parents’ concerns • Ongoing monitoring of: • Health and family history • developmental milestones • mental health (parent/child) • parent-child interactions/psychosocial risk and resilience factors • Developmental promotion/parent education • Periodic use of screening tests including autism screens at 9, 18 and 24-30 months and well-visits thereafter Components of the AAP 2006 Policy Statement

  8. Holy Smokes!

  9. Pie in the Sky?

  10. Won’t this ‘sink the ship’?

  11. What? Even more stuff to do at busy well- visits?

  12. Challenges in the 2006 Statement Aren’t some of those measures too long for primary care? Aren’t we already doing “surveillance”? I’ve got good milestones and questions to parents, aren’t those good enough? NO!!

  13. Why don’t informal approaches work • How do you know your milestones checklists (even if drawn from measures like the Denver) are good predictors of school success? 2. Are your scoring criteria accurate?

  14. Quality measures select items that best predict actual developmental status— and have clear criteria for judging success X O C A Z B T K D M

  15. Quality Measures Have Criteria For example, “Knows Colors” – what exactly does this mean? Match? Points to when named? Names when pointed to? How many colors?

  16. Why don’t informal approaches work Are you screening the asymptomatic?

  17. Why don’t informal approaches work Are you screening repeatedly—at all well-visits? Development develops! Developmental problems do too!

  18. Quotients Developmental Status by parent's verbal behavior and positive perceptions* (Glascoe & Leew, Pediatrics, 2010) Age in Months * Talks at meals, helps child learn new things, reads aloud, able to soothe, enjoys child, perceives child as interested in conversing 6 - 11

  19. Why don’t informal approaches work Are you identifying enough kids?

  20. What’s your referral rate? 1 out of 400 1 out of 200 1 out of 100 1 out of 25 1 out of 10 1 out of 6

  21. PREVALENCE BY AGE 4 % of 0 - 2 year olds 8% of 0 - 3 year olds 12% of 0 - 4 year olds 16%+ of 0 - 8 year olds

  22. Why don’t informal approaches work Are you asking parents quality questions?

  23. “Your teacher wishes me to delineate those watershed occasions in your life that have led you to become,slowly and inexorably,a loose cannon.”

  24. Sample questions to parents that don’t work well Do you think he has any problems…..? Do you have any worries about her development?

  25. Consumer-Driven Health Care? It Doesn’t Work Well for All: If you don’t ask… and ask well…. they don’t always tell! • 34% of parents don’t raise developmental-behavioral concerns without being asked • Mothers with limited education are less likely to raise concerns spontaneously • When developmental-behavioral concerns are raised, children with problems are 11 times more likely to be enrolled in intervention • Quality questions about parents’ concerns equalizes ‘the playing field’ for the ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’

  26. But wait a minute! “So many of my kids don’t qualify.” “Many parents don’t follow through.” “There’s nothing out there to refer to.”

  27. Some kids don’t qualify but most still need other kinds of help. Clinics need lists with a wide range of referral options. THERE IS GOBS OUT THERE TO REFER TO--HONESTLY! Some parents need more time. Many take home your message and just try harder to help their child. When they discover they can’t, they’ll be back OR head to referral resources. BUT, if you can, make appointments for families—that increases the likelihood of getting there!

  28. Saves provider’s time • Restrains visit length to predicted levels • Offers greater reimbursement • Improves detection rates • Increases parent and provider satisfaction and visit attendance • Focuses developmental promotion “Oh, by the way…..” Using quality tools with good questions to parents:

  29. So… we can save time, increase $$s, and do best by families…. if we conduct screening and surveillance with evidence and refer promptly!!

  30. What Tools Should We Use? • PEDS (10 questions eliciting concerns) at every well-visit) • PEDS:Developmental Milestones (6 – 8 questions about milestones) at every well visit • The M-CHAT at 18 – 24 months (built into PEDS:DM) • A clinic intake form that looks at parental depression (2 questions)

  31. In an electronic environment… • Consider PEDS Online • www.pedstest.com/online for a trial • Site offers PEDS, PEDS:DM and the M-CHAT • Website offers downloadable clinic intake form (for depression screening, indicators of psychosocial risk, etc.) • Website also has case examples, videos, self-training information, etc.

  32. How do we get reimbursed? • First, you must use validated, accurate screens • Add the – 25 modifier to your code for preventive services • Add 96110 (times the number of screens administered) • For private payers, different modifiers may be needed • Have your clinic coordinator find out about private payers • Appeal all denied claims • If a second denial, contact the AAP’s coding hotline

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