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Unit 6. As His Name Is, So Is He! (Title) . Meaning: His nature or manner as a man is similar to what he is called, his name. The “as … so” here is used to express parallelism or proportionality. ( 表示类比 ) As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.
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As His Name Is, So Is He! (Title) • Meaning: His nature or manner as a man is similar to what he is called, his name. The “as … so” here is used to express parallelism or proportionality. (表示类比) • As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship. • 沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。 As is the teacher, so is the pupil. • 有其师必有其徒。 There is also a possibility not to invert part of the sentence. As you treat me, so I shall treat you. • 你怎样对待我，我也将怎样对待你。 As time went on, so their hopes began to decrease. • 随着时间的推移，他们的希望开始变得越来越小了。
... good looks and elegant manner. • (Para.1) elegant: a. 1) pleasing and refined in appearance or style The lady is elegant in her manners and her speech. • 那女士举止言谈优雅得体。 an elegant restaurant • 一家雅致的餐馆 • 2) (of ideas) neat and simple an elegant piece of reasoning • 一段简要明确的论证
I just don’t feel like a Debbie. • (Para. 1) Meaning: I just don’t identify with the name Debbie. feel like: identify with (as used in this instance); have a wish for, want • I don’t feel like taking a holiday now. • 我现在不想去度假。 • Do you feel like a cup of coffee? • 你想来一 杯咖啡吗? • I don’t feel like a president. • 我不想当主席。
... while filling out an application form ... • (Para. 2) In adverbial clauses of time introduced by the conjunction “while” (and “when”, “until”, “as soon as”, “once”, etc.), we may have finite verb forms or non-finite verb forms. So this clause of time may be rewritten as: ... while she was filling out an application form ... • More examples: She was singing a tune while she was working. (or: She was singing a tune while working.) • 她边干活边哼曲子。
application: n. 1) an official written request to be allowed to have a job or membership in an organization fill out a job application 填写就业申请表 an application for financial aid 要求资助的申请 Applications should be handed in as early as possible . 必须尽早递交申请表。
2) the using of a rule or piece of knowledge in a particular situation Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom. 学生们学着把他们在课堂上所学的理论知识应用到实际中去。 The verb form of application is “apply”. apply v. 1) request sth., esp. officially and in written form You may apply for the job in person or by letter. 你可以亲自到场或来信提出申请这项工作。 2) bring or put into use This rule applies to new students only. 此项规定仅适用于（大学）一年级新生。
... a publishing job, ... • (Para. 2) publishing: n. the business or profession of publishing books or something else CD publishing CD唱片出版发行 (业) a publishing house 出版社 • publish vt. 1) (of a kind of business form) choose, arrange, have printed, and offer for sale to the public (some kind of written work in the form of a book, magazine, newspaper, etc.) • This firm publishes children’s books. • 这家公司出版儿童书籍。 2) (of a writer or musician) have (one’s work) printed and put on sale I have published two articles and one translated novel this year. • 今年我已发表了两篇文章和一部翻译小说。
... impulsively substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie. (Para. 2) • substitute: 1) vt. put (sth. or sb.) in place of another They were substituting violence for dialogue. • 他们正以暴力取代对话。 Dayton was substituted for Williams in the second half of the match. • 下半场比赛由戴顿代替威廉上场。 2) vi. act or serve as a replacement Can you substitute for me at the meeting? • 你能代替我去开会吗？ Honey can substitute for sugar in this recipe. • 在这种烹饪法里蜂蜜能代替糖。
Notice that in both its transitive and intransitive uses, the verb “substitute” is used together with the preposition “for” • 3) n. [C] person or thing that replaces, acts for or serves as sb. or sth. else The teacher’s ill, so a substitute is teaching today. • 那位教师生病了，因此今天由代课教师在教课。 There is no substitute for good food and exercise. • 没有什么能够代替营养丰富的食物和运动。
... impulsively substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie. (Para. 2) • middle name: a name coming between the first name and the last name “What’s James Brown’s middle name?” “It’s Michael.” • “詹姆斯·布朗的中名叫什么?” “叫迈克尔。” “Middle name” can also be used figuratively, meaning a main part of one’s character. Generosity is her middle name. • 慷慨是她的性格特征。
... and other people started to take me more seriously. (Para. 2) • take ... seriously: treat (sth. or sb.) in a serious manner • He now learns to take things more seriously. • 他现在学着更加严肃地对待事情了。
Friends and associates call her Lynne. (Para. 2) • associate: n. a person connected with another, especially at work • He is not a friend but an associate. • 他是同事，而不是朋友。 associate: v. (cause to) join as friends or as partners in business They were closely associated with each other during the war. • 战争期间他们间的关系很密切。
Naturally, the name change didn’t cause Debbie / Lynne’s professional achievement ... (Para. 3) • Meaning: Of course, the name change was not the cause of Debbie / Lynne’s professional achievement. • naturally: ad. 1. of course; as one could have expected Naturally, as a beginner I’m not a very good driver yet. • 当然，作为新手，我还不是一个好驾驶员。 Naturally, the children are behaving well when you are here. • 你在这里, 孩子们当然规规矩矩。
2. by nature He’s naturally funny; he doesn’t even have to try. • 他天生有表演才能 ，根本用不着刻意做作。 Dancing seemed to come naturally to her. • 看来她生来就会跳舞。 3. without trying to look or sound different from usual Speak naturally when talking on the phone. • 打电话时说话要自然。
... it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents.(Para. 3) • Meaning: ... it surely helped although it helped only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents. if: conj. accepting that, although • This is a pleasant if noisy child. • 这孩子挺可爱, 虽说有点闹。 It is a nice house, if a little expensive. • 这房子不错, 虽说价钱高了点。 confidence: n. 1) belief in one’s own or another’s ability John lacks confidence in himself. • 约翰对自己缺乏信心。 He answered the questions with confidence. • 他很自信地回答了那个问题。
2) faith; full trust Don’t break my confidence. • 不要辜负了我的信任。 Don’t put too much confidence in what the papers say. • 不要过分相信报纸上所说的。 I have every confidence in her. She’ll be perfect for the job. • 我对她充满信心。她干这项工作完全合适。 confident: a. feeling or showing confidence He is confident of victory. • 他对胜利坚信无疑。 We should be confident of ourselves. • 我们必须对自己充满信心。 Notice that the adjective “confident” is used together with the preposition “of” when it is followed by a complement.
... adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents. (Para. 3) • talent: n. 1) (a) special natural or learned ability or skill, esp. of a high quality Alice has a talent for language. • 爱丽丝有语言天才。 This sort of work calls for special talents. • 做这种工作要求有特殊的才干。 2) [U] people of such ability a major loss of talent to overseas jobs • 大量人才流失到海外 sports / acting talent 体育 / 表演人才 We’re always looking for new talent. • 我们总是在寻觅新的人才。 Promising talent is (or: are) hard to find. • 很难找到有发展前途的人才。 Notice that the noun “talent” with the second sense is uncountable, followed by either a singular or plural verb.
... includes the following definition of name ... (Para. 3) • definition: n. an exact statement of the meaning, nature, or limits of something give a definition 下定义 • In this dictionary, definitions have been written using words from a specially chosen list. • 在这本字典里，释义中用的单词是经过特别挑选的。 define: v. give the meaning(s) of (a word or idea); describe exactly • Some words are hard to define because they have many different uses. • 有些词 因为有多种不同的用法而难以下定义。
... some quality considered characteristic or descriptive of a person or a thing, ...(Para. 3) • characteristic: 1) a. representative; representing a person’s or thing’s usual character Rainy days are characteristic of June. • 六月的特点是雨天多。 Such honesty is characteristic of him. • 这种诚实是他的特殊作风。 Notice that the adjective “characteristic” is used together with the preposition “of”. • 2) n. a special and easily recognized quality of someone or something • Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing. • 基因决定了每一种生物的特征。 What characteristics separate Americans from Canadians? • 美国人和加拿大人的性格特点有什么不同？
... often expressing approval or disapproval. (Para. 3) • approval: n. If someone or something has your approval, you like and admire them. nod one’s approval / nod in approval • 点头表示同意 • The father expressed approval of what the son did. • 父亲对儿子的所作所为表示赞许。 • Do the plans meet with your approval? • 你赞成这些计划吗？ The noun “approval” is used together with the preposition “of” when it is followed by a complement.
... often expressing approval or disapproval. (Para. 3) • disapproval: n. (of) opposite to approval; the state of having a bad opinion (of sb. or sth.) esp. for moral reasons She made no secret of her disapproval of what we had done. • 她对我们所做的事毫不掩饰地表示不赞成。 He expressed his disapproval of what they had done. • 他表示对他们的所作所为不以为然。 • Notice that “disapproval” is used with the preposition “of” when it is followed by a complement. disapprove: v. (of) opposite to “approve”; have a bad opinion (of sb. or sth. ) esp. for moral reasons • She disapproved the arrangements for the wedding. • 她不赞成婚事的安排。 He disapproves of mothers going out to work; in fact, he disapproves very strongly. • 他不赞成作母亲的出外工作；事实上他极力反对这事。
For better or worse, ... (Para. 3) • for better or (for) worse: (as said in the Christian marriage ceremony) whatever happens; even if there are difficulties He promised to take her for better or for worse. • 他答应不论顺境逆境都会照顾她（与她祸福与共）。 But in this context, the phrase means: whether they (= the qualities) are good or bad.
... qualities such as friendliness or reserve, ... (Para. 3) • reserve: n. (of a person or one’s character) the quality of not liking to talk about oneself or to make one’s feelings known lose one’s reserve in talking • 说着说着变得随和起来 • reserve of manner • 举止的拘谨
... qualities ... may be suggested by your name ... (Para. 3) • suggest: vt. make clear indirectly, indicate, signal • Her expression suggested anger. • 她脸上的表情说明她生气了。 • The disorganized meeting suggested a lack of proper planning. • 会议组织混乱, 表明缺乏事先筹划。
Names become attached to specific images,... (Para. 4) • Meaning: People’s names come to be connected with the particular appearance or quality, ...
Names become attached to specific images,... (Para. 4) • specific: a. 1) particular; certain; fixed; determined, or named Feathers are a characteristic specific to birds. • 羽毛是鸟类特有的。 2) detailed and exact; clear in meaning; careful in explanation We don’t get any specific instruction. • 我们没有得到任何明确的指示。 There are two specific questions we must answer. • 有两个具体问题我们必须回答。
The latter name particularly bothers me ... (Para. 4) • latter: a. 1) the second (of two persons or things just spoken of) There are plastic and wooden garden chairs but the latter ones are more expensive. • 花园里有专用的塑料椅和木制椅，但后者贵些。 2) (after the, this, these) near to the end; the later part of a period of time or an event He spent the latter part of his life in the countryside. • 他的后半生是在乡下度过的。 Building of the new library should begin in the latter part of next year. • 修建新图书馆的工程应在明年下半年开始。 latter: n. (the~) the second of two things or people already mentioned Many support the former plan, but personally I’m for the latter. • 许多人支持前面那个计划，但我个人赞同后者。 Jack and Bill are twins, but the latter is taller than the former. • 杰克和比尔是孪生兄弟，不过比尔比杰克个子高。 We have to make the kitchen and the hall more attractive. I’d rather do the latter first. • 我们得把厨房和客厅装饰得更漂亮些——我情愿先装饰客厅。
... which some think makes me more qualified to be a baseball player than, say, an art critic. (Para. 4) • qualified: a. having suitable knowledge, quality or skills esp. for a job Tom is well qualified for the job. • 汤姆很有资格做这份工作。 qualify: v. (cause to) gain a certain level of knowledge, ability, or performance Being a son of a member of government doesn’t qualify him to talk about political affairs. • 他虽身为政府官员的儿子，却不够资格谈论政治。 I won’t qualify until next year. • 我要到明年才合格。 Being a single parent qualifies you for extra benefits. • 作为一个单身父（母）亲，你有权获得额外的福利金。 say: v. (usually used in imperatives) suppose, suggest, assume Would you take an offer of, say (= for example), 5,000 dollars for your car? • 要是给你开个价, 比方说5,000元, 你卖不卖这辆车? Can you come to dinner? Say, 7:30? • 你能来吃晚饭吗? 比如说7点半?
Even so, one prominent magazine consistently refused to print “Joe” in my by-line, ... (Para. 4) • even so: in spite of that There are many spelling mistakes; even so, it’s quite a good essay. • 虽然有很多拼写错误，但它仍不失为一篇相当不错的文章。 I had a terrible headache, but, even so, I went to the concert. • 我头痛得厉害，但我还是去欣赏了音乐会。
…one prominent magazine consistently refused to print “Joe” in my by-line, … (Para. 4) • prominent: a.1) important and usu. widely knownpeople prominent in science 科学界的知名人士 • a political official prominent in matters concerning trade 与贸易事务有关的重要政客 • The government should be playing a more prominent role in improving public traffic. • 政府应该在改善公共交通方面起更重要的作用。 • 2) standing or extending far out (beyond a surface) His nose is too prominent. • 他的鼻子太高了。 her prominent teeth • 她突出的牙齿
prominence: n. 1) the quality, fact, or state of being well-known and important • This word is often used in the phrase “bring sth. into prominence” or “come into prominence”. • This young artist is coming into prominence. • 这位年轻艺术家正崭露头角 • 2) a thing or place that is standing far out (beyond a surface) • There was a low prominence in the middle of the desert, too small to be called a hill. • 沙漠中有一凸出地方, 但太小, 不能称之为小山。
I suspect that if I were a more refined Arthur or Adrian, the name would have appeared complete. (Para. 4) • Meaning: I think it likely that if my name were Arthur or Adrian, (a name suggesting that a person is more polite, better educated and better-mannered), my full name would have been printed in my by-line.
... if I were a more refined Arthur or Adrian,... (Para. 4) • refined: a. having or showing education, sensitivity of feeling, and gentleness of manners a refined way of speaking • 优雅的谈吐 refined manners • 文雅的举止 refined tastes • 高尚的情趣 refine: v. 1) make (sb. / sth.) more elegant refine one’s language • 使某人的语言更为文雅 Delia has been refined. You can’t imagine she is now an elegant lady. • 德丽娅现在变文雅了, 你想像不到她已是一位优雅的女士了。 2) make pure or improve esp. by removing unwanted material refining processes 精炼过程 Oil is industrially refined. • 燃料油是经工业提炼而成的。
... names with a positive sense can work for you, even encourage new acquaintances. (Para. 5) • Meaning: ... names that suggest good qualities to other people can help you to your advantage in some way, and even give other people encouragement to get to know you.
... even encourage new acquaintances. (Para. 5) • acquaintance: n. 1) a person whom one knows, esp. through work or business, but who may not be a friend No one in their entire acquaintance would wear such a dress. • 在他们的熟人圈子里，没有人会穿这种衣服。 2) information or knowledge, as obtained through personal experience rather than careful study I have an / some acquaintance with the language. • 我略懂这门语言。 I wasn’t sure about Darryl when I first met her, but on further acquaintance I rather like her. • 刚认识达里尔时，我对她并没有把握，但在进一步了解中我却相当喜欢她。 The word is often used in the phrase “make sb.’s acquaintance” / “make the acquaintance of sb.”, which means: get to know sb. I’m so pleased to make your acquaintance, Mr. Smith. • 史密斯先生，能够认识您我感到很荣幸。
.... turned down a blind date ... (Para. 5) • turn down: refuse to consider He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health. • 他想参军，但因身体不好被拒绝。 Why was I turned down for the job? Is it because I’m a woman? • 为什么不让我做那项工作？因为我是一个女人吗？ blind date: arrangement to meet (each other) made between a man and a woman who have not met each other before Ann has arranged for me to go on a blind date this Saturday with a man that she knows through work. • 本周六安安排我与一位她在工作中认识的男子见面。
... he sounded dull. (Para. 5) • Meaning: …judging by listening to his name, he is an uninteresting man.
... she came up to me at a party, pressing for an introduction to a very impressive man;... (Para. 5) • press for: demand with force (for sth. from sb.) I don’t know whether to accept this new job, and the firm is pressing (me) for a decision. • 我不知道是否要接受这份新工作, 公司正催我速作决定。 The chairman is pressing for improved working conditions. • 主席一再要求改善工作条件。 Many parents have been pressing for the local school to be reopened. • 许多家长一直迫切要求重新开办当地那所学校。
... they’d been exchanging glances all evening. (Para. 5) • Meaning: They had been glancing at each other (with admiration) all evening.
She was ill at ease. (Para. 5) • ill at ease: uncomfortable, anxious, or worried • He appeared ill at ease at the party. • 他在宴会上显得很拘谨。 She was ill at ease when she was criticized by her mother. • 母亲批评她的时候，她觉得非常困窘。 • The opposite of "ill at ease" is "at (one's) ease", which means "without worry or nervousness". Give him a drink to put him at his ease. • 给他一杯酒喝，好让他松弛下来。
... we’re all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent. (Para. 6) • Meaning: ...all of us are wrong to some degree to attach too simple an image to people according to the qualities suggested by their names.
... we’re all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent. (Para. 6) • guilty a. 1) having done sth. wrong He was guilty of an important false judgment. • 他犯了重大判断失误的错误 • 2) feeling unhappy because one thinks that he has done something wrong or has failed to do something that one should have done I feel guilty about not having written to you sooner. • 我为没有尽早给您写信感到内疚。
... we’re all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent. (Para. 6) • stereotype: 1) vt. form a fixed set of ideas that is generally disapproving about the characteristics of a certain group of people or things The study says that British advertisements stereotype women. • 该项研究说英国的广告对妇女抱有成见。 The police have been criticized for having stereotyped images of black people. • 有人批评警方对黑人有成见。 In the text, “name stereotyping” means: attaching too simple an image to people according to the qualities suggested by their names. 2) n. [C] image, idea, character, etc. that has become fixed in a routine form The characters in the book are just stereotypes • .这本书中的角色只是些僵化的人物。 She rejects the stereotype that women can only find their true satisfaction in being mothers. • 她拒绝接受这种陈词滥调，即女人只有在做母亲时才能感到真正的满足。
... we’re all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent. (Para. 6) • to some extent: People use expressions such as “to a large extent”, “to some extent”, or “to a certain extent” in order to indicate that something is partly true, but not entirely true. I agree with what you say to a large extent. • 我很大程度上同意你所说的话。 To some extent you are correct. • 在某种程度上说你是对的。 To what extent can he be believed? • 可以在多大程度上相信他？
Confess: Wouldn’t you be surprised to meet a carpenter called Nigel? (Para. 6) . confess: v. 1) admit often unwillingly I’m rather bored, I must confess. 我不得不承认我有点厌烦了。 He confessed that he had slept through the second half of the film. 他承认电影放到一半后他一直在睡觉。 2) admit that one has done sth. wrong, esp. when what one has done is secret She confessed to her husband that she had sold her wedding ring. 她向丈夫坦白她卖掉了结婚戒指。 I’m afraid that I've got something to confess: I’ve broken your vase. 恐怕有件事我得坦白告诉你——我打破了你的花瓶。
... we project name-based stereotypes on people, ... (Para. 6) • Meaning: ... we imagine that people have the qualities suggested by their names...
project on / onto / upon: imagine (one’s own esp. bad feelings or thoughts) as being experienced by others It is not reasonable that they project their dreams onto us. 他们觉得我们与他们有同样的梦想, 真是荒谬。 ... we project name-based stereotypes on people... (Para. 6)
... pushing a thoughtful creature named Rory to play ball. (Para. 6) thoughtful creature: a person who is quiet, serious and thinking a lot .thoughtful: a. . 1) quiet and serious because one is thinking about sth. She had a thoughtful expression on her face. 她一脸沉思的表情。 The doctor looked thoughtful for a moment and then started to write something on the paper. 医生仔细考虑了片刻，开始在纸上写了起来。 2) showing care for the need of others She’s a very thoughtful person. 她是个很体贴别人的人。 It was very thoughtful of you to make all the necessary arrangements for me. 你考虑得真周到，为我作了一切必要的安排。
... they awarded to the same papers ... (Para. 7) • award: v. 1) give sth. such as a prize or an examination mark, esp. as a result of an official decision, to sb. The university awarded grants to poor students. • 这所大学给贫苦学生发放助学金。 She was awarded a medal for bravery. • 她因勇敢而被授予一枚奖章。 2) give by a decision in a court of law The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt in the explosion. • 法官裁定应付给那些因爆炸而受伤的人一大笔赔偿费。 The court awarded him damages of $50, 000. • 法庭判给他5万美元的赔偿费。
